Targeting the Main Protease and the Spike Protein of Sars-Cov-2 With Naturally Occurring Compounds From Some Cameroonian Medicinal Plants: An in-Silico Study for Drug Designing

Abstract

Despite the social distancing and hygiene rules prescribed by the WHO, the novel Corona-virus is still on the way of a significant rapid rise in deaths. Therefore, identification of chemotherapeutic drugs against Corona Viral Infection all around the world is still requires. Some medicinal plants have a valuable therapeutic effect when mixt with honey, the obtained formulations are preliminary use in Cameroon against viral infection particularly respiratory infections. In this work, we looked for the potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 molecule throw execution of in silico computational studies of six Cameroonian plants intervening in the treatment respiratory infections in apiphytotherapy. AutoDock Vina was used for docking studies against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and spike (SP) proteins. We further conducted of pharmacokinetics properties and the safety profile of compounds with the top score in order to identify the best drug candidates. Totally 100 compounds were screened, of these, eighteen showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and SP. The results suggest the effectiveness of compounds 10 and 17 obtained from Citrus Sinensis as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 as they tightly bind to its Mpro and SP with low binding energies. The stability of the two compounds complexed with Mpro and SP was validated through MD simulation. The availability of potent protein inhibitors and diverse of compounds from Cameroon flora scaffolds indicate the feasibility of developing potent Mpro and SP proteins inhibitors as antivirals for COVID-19. Based on further in vivo and in vitro experiments and clinical trials, some of these phytoconstituents could be proposed for effective inhibition of the replication of the SARS-CoV-2.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people cured of SARS-CoV-2 in the center of Algeria

“…Other compounds can prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to host cells either by binding on the ACE2 receptor, such as luteolin 7-galactoside of verbenacea (Iheagwam & Rotimi 2020), and luteolin and quercetin of Aloysia citrodora (Hamdani and Houari 2020), or by binding on viral spike protein, such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene, chrysanthone, eucalyptol, and α-pinene of Artemisia herba alba (Diass et al 2023), or by binding on both molecules, such as curcumin of Curcuma longa (Maurya et al 2020, Patel et al 2022), cyanidin3-O-(6''-dioxalylglucoside) and Peonidin3-(6''-malonylglucoside) of Citrus sinensis (Fouedjou et al 2022), and bromelain of Ananas comosus (Sagar et al 2021). Some foods consumed by patients, such as Chili pepper, Allium cepa, and Camellia sinensis, are very rich in quercetin, a flavonol with a potent inhibition action on transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a membrane enzyme involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells (Manjunathan et al 2022).…”

Identification of new dihydrophenanthrene derivatives as promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs through in silico investigations

“…Over the past few years, several models of quantitative structure-activity-QSAR relationships have been developed to predict potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 [12][13][14][15]. This paper determines candidate inhibitors of the studied series by QSAR and molecular docking analysis.…”