Targeting transgene expression in research, agricultural, and environmental applications: Promoters used in plant transformation

Cis-regulatory elements used to control gene expression in plants

“…They are considered safer than viral promoters (Potenza et al 2004). The most widely applied constitutive promoter utilized for monocots genetic modification (ZmUbi1) has been isolated from corn.…”

“…The above criteria seem to be complex, however many inducible protein expression systems have been described previously. Inducers such as plant hormones, ethanol and heat shock are applied (Potenza et al 2004;Corrado and Karali 2009;Sharma and Sharma 2009).…”

“…They are used to either increase the nutrition value of these organs or to produce edible vaccines (Potenza et al 2004). E8 promoter, isolated from tomato, alike other promoters regulating fruit maturation genes, provides given type of expression.…”

“…Frequently applied transformation methods include gene gun and agroinfection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Ma and Wang 2012). Product accumulation in a particular organ and especially in a target cellular compartment is highly preferred and commonly practiced (Potenza et al 2004).…”

Genomic approaches to the discovery of promoters for sustained expression in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under field conditions: expression analysis in transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis of a Rubisco small subunit promoter identified using EST sequence analysis and cDNA microarrays

“…Promoter discovery for plant biotechnology has been largely empirical with most of the promoters deployed being isolated from plant pathogens such as viruses or Agrobacterium species (reviewed in Potenza et al 2003). The Agrobacterium T-DNA provided a variety of constitutive promoters such as those from the octopine synthase and mannopine synthase genes and the useful but less active, at least in leaves, promoter from the nopaline synthase (NOS) gene.…”