Tasas de ingreso inicial por esquizofrenia en hospitales de Costa Rica

N., Norma Handal; Dodds, Jon H.

doi:10.1590/s1020-49891997000600002

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The median sample size from the remaining 15 studies was 320 cases (interquartile range: 70–809; range: 15 cases of schizophrenia in India [ 22 ] to 178 173 cases in Brazil [ 25 ]; Table 1 ). Core citations contributed original incidence data from 19 separate settings (Morgan et al [ 39 ] and Jablensky et al [ 8 ] each included data from two sites) in ten LMICs in South America ( N = 8; 50.0%; Brazil [ 7 , 15 , 25 , 36 ], Suriname [ 23 , 27 ], Colombia [ 38 ] and Costa Rica [ 26 ]), Asia ( N = 5; 35.7%; India [ 8 , 22 , 39 ], China [ 33 , 35 ]), Africa ( N = 3; 21.4%; Nigeria [ 28 , 39 ], South Africa [ 24 ]), Europe ( N = 3; 21.4%; Moscow, former USSR [ 8 , 31 , 32 ]), and North America ( N = 1; 6.7%; Jamaica [ 10 ]). No studies were identified from LMICs in Australasia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schizophrenia was the most frequently studied diagnostic outcome with 13 unique rates reported from ten (55.6%) core citations from eight LMICs (Fig. 2 b) [ 8 , 10 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 32 , 33 , 39 ]. Crude incidence varied approximately fivefold, from 9.0 cases per 100,000 person-years (95%CI 6.5–12.5) in India [ 8 ] to in 48.2 (95%CI 46.5–50.0) in Costa Rica [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine core citations estimated incidence rates in LMIC settings in the Americas, including four from Brazil (two national [ 25 , 36 ], two catchment area-based [ 7 , 15 ]), two national studies from Suriname [ 23 , 27 ], two national studies in Costa Rica [ 26 ] and Jamaica [ 10 ], and a study in the state of Caldas, Colombia [ 38 ]. In Brazil, a nationwide study of all first psychiatric admissions between 1960 and 1974 reported the treated incidence of schizophrenia and affective psychoses over time for men and women separately [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these issues may have particularly profound effects on estimating and comparing incidence rates in LMICs. For example, studies reliant on detecting cases solely presenting to psychiatric care [ 10 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 33 ] may underestimate the true population incidence of psychotic disorders, particularly in countries where formal mental health resources are more limited, or where help-seeking takes place in traditional or informal settings. In our review, evidence on this issue was limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, although most studies defined their age ranges, this was variably applied (i.e. 15–44 [ 32 ], 15–49 [ 24 ], 15–54 [ 8 – 10 , 23 , 27 , 29 ], 18–64 [ 7 , 15 , 39 ], 18–90 [ 38 ], the entire adult population [ 22 , 26 , 33 ], or entire population [ 25 ]). Finally, comparisons in this review were largely limited to crude rates, with only four core citations [ 15 , 23 , 27 , 39 ] (26.7%) reporting age-sex standardised rates, an issue not limited to LMICs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bastien¹,

Ding

González-Valderrama

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Global understanding of the epidemiological landscape of non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) is predominantly based on studies from high-income countries. We sought to systematically review and meta-analyse all incidence studies conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We systematically searched four databases using terms for NAPD, incidence and LMICs. Citations were eligible for inclusion if: published between 1 January 1960 and 31 May 2022; wholly or partially conducted in an LMIC, and; containing data on NAPD incidence in the general adult population. Two independent raters assessed study quality according to previously published criteria. We conducted a narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses where sufficient studies were available (N ≥ 5). Results We retrieved 11 421 records, of which 23 citations met inclusion criteria from 18 unique studies across 19 settings in 10 LMICs. Median study quality was 4 out of 7 (interquartile range: 3–6). The crude incidence of NAPD varied around 4.2 times, from 10.0 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.7–11.4) in Brazil to 42.0 (95%CI 32.2–54.8) in India, with marked heterogeneity in methodologies and rates. Our 60-year review highlights the dearth of robust evidence on the incidence of psychotic disorders in LMICs. Conclusion Without reliable, contemporary estimates of this fundamental cornerstone of population health, it is impossible to understand the true burden, distribution or causes of psychotic disorders in over 87% of the world’s population. A new, more equitable global mental health evidence base for NAPD is now urgently required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bastien¹,

Ding

González-Valderrama

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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A genome‐wide scan for schizophrenia and psychosis susceptibility loci in families of Mexican and Central American ancestry

Escamilla

Ontiveros

Nicolini³

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, likely to be caused in part by multiple genes. In this study, linkage analyses were performed to identify chromosomal regions most likely to be associated with schizophrenia and psychosis in multiplex families of Mexican and Central American origin. Four hundred and fifty-nine individuals from 99 families, containing at least two siblings with hospital diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, were genotyped. Four hundred and four microsatellite markers were genotyped for all individuals and multipoint non-parametric linkage analyses were performed using broad (any psychosis) and narrow (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) models. Under the broad model, three chromosomal regions (1pter-p36, 5q35, and 18p11) exhibited evidence of linkage with non-parametric lod (NPL) scores greater than 2.7 (equivalent to empirical P values of less than 0.001) with the peak multipoint NPL = 3.42 (empirical P value = 0.00003), meeting genomewide evidence for significant linkage in the 1pter-p36 region. Under the narrow model, the same three loci showed (non-significant) evidence of linkage. These linkage findings (1pter-p36, 18p11, and 5q35) highlight where genes for psychosis and schizophrenia are most likely to be found in persons of Mexican and Central American ancestry, and correspond to recent linkages of schizophrenia or psychosis in other populations which were formed in part from emigrants from the Spanish empire of the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Tasas de ingreso inicial por esquizofrenia en hospitales de Costa Rica

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

The incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A genome‐wide scan for schizophrenia and psychosis susceptibility loci in families of Mexican and Central American ancestry

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