Task Dependent Cerebral Lateralization of the 40 Hertz EEG Rhythm

Spydell, John D.; Ford, Martin R.; Sheer, Daniel E.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01474.x

Cited by 52 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A similar 40-Hz rhythm regularly appears in other mammalian (man, monkev, dog, and cat) and avian brain regions (see ref. 15 for a summary), where it can be significantly increased in amount if the animals (cats) are given milk reward when they produce the waves (16) and ifthe people perform arithmetic and other cognitive tasks (17). Whether these widespread, labile, ongoing 40-Hz rhythms, which have been interpreted as indexing "a focused state ofcortical arousal" (17) are related in any way to the auditory 40-Hz ERP reported here is a matter for future experiments to settle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 40-Hz auditory potential recorded from the human scalp.

Galambos¹,

Makeig²,

Talmachoff³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,089

585

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Computer techniques readily extract from the brainwaves an orderly sequence of brain potentials locked in time to sound stimuli. The potentials that appear 8 to 80 msec after the stimulus resemble 3 or 4 cycles of a 40-Hz sine wave; we show here that these waves combine to form a single, stable, composite wave when the sounds are repeated at rates around 40 per sec. This phenomenon, the 40-Hz event-related potential (ERP), displays several properties of theoretical and practical interest. First, it reportedly disappears with surgical anesthesia, and it resembles similar phenomena in the visual and olfactory system, facts which suggest that adequate processing of sensory information may require cyclical brain events in the 30-to 50-Hz range. Second, latency and amplitude measurements on the 40-Hz ERP indicate it may contain useful information on the number and basilar membrane location of the auditory nerve fibers a given tone excites. Third, the response is present at sound intensities very close to normal adult thresholds for the audiometric frequencies, a fact that could have application in clinical hearing testing.When a person cannot, or will not, tell the interested observer what he hears, it has in the past been difficult to obtain trustworthy measurements of hearing. The recent advent of electrophysiological tests of hearing and comprehension has radically changed this situation (1, 2). In these tests one records the listener's brainwaves while sounds are presented via loudspeaker or earphones; the sounds generate electric responses within the brain that are readily extracted by a computer (Fig. 1A). The resulting sequence ofbrain potentials, known as eventrelated potentials (ERPs), begins within a millisecond or two of stimulus delivery and continues thereafter for a half second or more. We deal here with the series ofwaves that appears 8-80 msec after stimulus delivery, the so-called middle-latency response (MLR). We report a way to extract it from the brainwaves, describe several properties of the response so obtained, and, among other things, show it to predict adult auditory thresholds in a highly reliable manner. METHODSAny group of instruments that competently generates acoustic signals, amplifies brain waves, and averages ERPs (Fig. 1A) can be used to demonstrate the phenomenon to be described here. The response was, in fact, discovered by one ofus (P.J.T.), using a stimulator, amplifier, and computer built in the laboratory (3). Since then we have used four different types of signal generators, several types of earphones (including a hearing aid transducer) to produce the monaural clicks or tone bursts (usually 6-msec duration, 2-msec rise and fall) employed in this study, and four different commercial brands of averaging computers. The brain waves, usuallv recorded between electrodes at forehead and earlobe of the ear stimulated, were amplified at a gain as near to 105 and with bandpass as near to 10-100 Hz as the settings of the particular amplifier in use allowed.Subjects were 20 adu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 40-Hz auditory potential recorded from the human scalp.

Galambos¹,

Makeig²,

Talmachoff³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,089

585

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gamma ERS was reported in higher cognitive functions, including language (Murthy and Fetz, 1992;Spydell et al, 1979), sensorimotor response (Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999), and visual perception (Rodriguez et al, 1999). Gamma ERD has been reported rarely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of Language Dominance by Event-Related Oscillatory Changes in an Auditory Language Task: Magnetoencephalography Study

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Chung³

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

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The authors investigated the oscillatory changes induced by auditory language task to assess hemispheric dominance of language. Magnetoencephalography studies were conducted during word listening in 6 normal right-handed volunteers and 13 epilepsy patients who underwent Wada test. We carried out a time-frequency analysis of event-related desynchronization (ERD)/event-related synchronization (ERS) and intertrial coherence. We localized ERD/ERS on each subject's magnetic resonance images using beamformer. We compared ERD/ERS values between the left and right side of regions of interest in inferior frontal and superior temporal areas. We assessed the target frequency range that correlated best with the Wada test results. In all normal subjects, gamma ERD was lateralized to the left side in both the inferior frontal and superior temporal areas. In epilepsy patients, the concordance rate of gamma ERD and the Wada test results was 76.9% for the inferior frontal area and 69.2% for the superior temporal area. Gamma ERD can be considered as an indicator of language function, although it was not sufficient to replace the Wada test in the evaluation of epilepsy patients. The gamma ERD value of the inferior frontal area was more reliable for the assessment of language dominance compared with that obtained in the superior temporal area.

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“…Gamma activity has been associated with (1) arousal and attention (Kristeva-Feige et al, 1993;Murthy & Fetz, 1992;Sheer, 1989, Spydell et al, 1979Steriade et al, 1996aSteriade et al, , 1996b; (2) stimulusfeature integration (Eckhorn et al, 1988;Engel et al, 1992); (3) spatio-temporal reasoning (Sarnthein et al, 1996); (4) learning and memory (Mittner et al, 1997;Andres et al, 1999;Klopp et al, 1998); (5) music and language sound patterns (Cunic et al, 1998); and (6) language interpretation (Weiss et al, 1998).…”

Section: Evidence That Cognitive Tasks Do Induce High-frequency Eeg Omentioning

confidence: 99%