Task‐dependent changes in cutaneous reflexes recorded from various muscles controlling finger movement in man.

Evans, A L; Harrison, Linda M.; Stephens, John A.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017825

Cited by 95 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that CMRs are dependent upon the ongoing motor task (Evans et al 1989), exhibit habituation and can be modulated during acquisition of a new motor skill (Nadler et al 2000). In this study we report attenuation of the transcortical E2 component of the CMR during finger movement.…”

Section: Department Of Physiology University College London Cower Ssupporting

confidence: 51%

Sensorimotor Control

2001

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Department Of Physiology University College London Cower Ssupporting

confidence: 51%

Sensorimotor Control

2001

The Journal of Physiology

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“…For example, selective simulation of digital nerves in the index finger are known to evoke cutaneomuscular reflexes in the first dorsal interosseus muscle (cf. Evans et al, 1989;Turner et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex responsiveness of a human hand muscle when controlling isometric force and joint position

Maluf

Barry

Riley

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-This study compared reflex responsiveness of the first dorsal interosseus muscle during two tasks that employ different strategies to stabilize the finger while exerting the same net muscle torque.Methods-Healthy human subjects performed two motor tasks that involved either pushing up against a rigid restraint to exert a constant isometric force equal to 20% of maximum, or maintaining a constant angle at the metacarpophalangeal joint while supporting an equivalent inertial load. Each task consisted of six 40-s contractions during which electrical and mechanical stimuli were delivered.Results-The amplitude of short and long latency reflex responses to mechanical stretch did not differ significantly between tasks. In contrast, reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation were significantly greater when supporting the inertial load.Conclusions-Agonist motor neurons exhibited heightened reflex responsiveness to synaptic input from heteronymous afferents when controlling the position of an inertial load. Task differences in the reflex response to electrical stimulation were not reflected in the response to mechanical perturbation, indicating a difference in the efficacy of the pathways that mediate these effects.Significance-Results from this study suggest that modulation of spinal reflex pathways may contribute to differences in the control of force and position during isometric contractions of the first dorsal interosseus muscle.

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“…Several manipulations have been performed to convert the rectified averaged SEMG record for this purpose. For example, Goldberg (1971) used a planimeter to measure the area of the rectified averaged SEMG record; van der Glas and colleagues (1984) used the sum of the absolute surfaces outside the confidence interval (total normalized surface, TNS); Evans and colleagues (Evans et al ., 1989) used the percentage modulation of the mean SEMG level as the calibration bar; and Cadden and Newton (1994) calculated the area to indicate the percentage change. Quantification of the synaptic potentials from the SEMG data can be criticized for two main reasons:…”

Section: S Urface Electromyogram(semg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

Türker

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

139

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Introduction The main function of the masticatory muscles is to break food down into pieces small enough to be swallowed. These are strong muscles that generate very large forces across very short distances and apply themvia rigid teeth. Such large forces can easily damage the teeth and their supporting tissues, tongue, cheeks, and the joints unless they are controlled precisely and effectively. There is evidence that the masticatory forces are controlled very precisely and that these forces change from bite to bite, depending on the consistency of the bolus. However, we do not fully understand this control mechanism. Unless the details of the mechanism that controls the masticatory forces in health and disease are thoroughly understood, the diagnosis and treatment of masticatory-related dysfunctions (such as temporomandibular dysfunction) will remain at the present "symptomatic" state.The aim of this review is to discuss what is known about the control of the human masticatory system and to propose a method for standardized investigation. This review is divided into six parts. The first part discusses the activation of human jaw muscle motoneurons by the central and peripheral sources. The second part discusses the receptors that are thought to contribute to the control of human mastication. In part 3, the reflexes elicited in human subjects are discussed. In part 4, simulated chewing experiments are discussed. In part 5, recording and analyzing methods are discussed, and a new method for estimating synaptic potential in human motoneurons is introduced. Finally, in part 6, three frequently asked questions are used to discuss the issues put forward in this review.Presently, our knowledge of mastication and its control by various receptors is patchy. Most of the work in this area comes from animal species with which investigators have used widely varying reduction techniques (anesthetization, decerebration, curarization, etc.). In these preparations, when nerve pathways are the subject of the study, the nerve to be stimulated is dissected free and teased so that one or a few identified nerve fibers are stimulated. The synaptic potential that is induced by this stimulation is recorded by means of microelectrodes that are placed within the central nervous system (reviewed in Lund, 1991;Linden, 1990). It is also possible for investigators to initiate "chewing" in animal preparations, and to study the effects of various receptor systems on the development of force (Lavigne et al ., 1987;.In humans, one must establish the connections of various afferents to the motoneurons that innervate the masticatory muscles under static or dynamic conditions to begin to understand the mechanism and control of mastication. The human work is challenging, since direct recording from motoneurons is not yet possible and precise stimulation of nerves is not easily controlled. Therefore, various indirect measurements have been used for the study of synaptic potential in human subjects. In most of these studies, afferent nerves are stimul...

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Task‐dependent changes in cutaneous reflexes recorded from various muscles controlling finger movement in man.

Cited by 95 publications

References 16 publications

Sensorimotor Control

Sensorimotor Control

Reflex responsiveness of a human hand muscle when controlling isometric force and joint position

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

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