“…Researchers have examined the role of WM in various L2 language processes, including reading (Joh & Plakans, 2017;Walter et al, 2006), writing (Adams & Guillot, 2008;Mavrou, 2020), sentence processing (Felser & Roberts, 2007;Juffs, 2004), speaking (Kondo, 2021), vocabulary development (Ansarin & Khabbazi, 2021), learning grammar (Suzuki, 2019;Williams & Lovatt, 2005) and the processing of input and intake (Indrarathne & Kormos, 2018;Mackey et al, 2010). WM has also been implicated as a core element in L2 aptitude (Dörnyei & Skehan, 2003;Grymska, 2016) and as a predictor of overall proficiency (Oka et al, 2021;Vallejos, 2020;Van Den Noort et al, 2008).…”