Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial

Psychological interventions for common mental disorders in women experiencing intimate partner violence in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…28 The remaining interventions had a more practical focus and were likely to benefit women disclosing intimate partner violence through problemsolving, 25,31 behavioural activation, 21,26,32,34 coping skills, 27,30 or a mixture of methods. 33 Given that anxiety is an important manifestation of trauma, more trauma-focused interventions might yield even greater gains than generic interventions in women experiencing intimate partner violence. Subgroup analyses did not show differences between intimate partner violence's moderating effect on trauma-focused intervention versus more generic psychological intervention outcomes.…”

“…Included interventions were delivered by various staff: a public health professional and researcher, 28 psychology Masters-educated therapists, 29 community mental health workers, 21,30 general health workers, 31,33 other community workers, 27 and lay individuals. 22,25,26,32,34 Five studies [25][26][27]32,34 compared the control intervention (enhanced usual care [EUC]) with the intervention plus EUC, but the content of EUC, and other studies' control interventions, varied from face-to-face or telephone-delivered basic counselling 31,33 to diagnosis and the opportunity for WHO mental health gap action programme intervention guided treatment, 26,32,34 a home visit, 27 film screenings, 28 and waiting lists. 21,22,29,30 Numbers of sessions ranged from three 28 to 14, 33 delivered at clinics, 21,30 in community settings, 25,27,28 at home, 22,31,34 or a mixture of locations.…”

“…21,22,29,30 Numbers of sessions ranged from three 28 to 14, 33 delivered at clinics, 21,30 in community settings, 25,27,28 at home, 22,31,34 or a mixture of locations. 26,32,33 Most interventions were delivered individually, with two in groups 27,28 and one mixed. 26 All studies, except two, 28,33 reported significant improvements in at least one CMD in the intervention group compared with the control group.…”

“…26,32,33 Most interventions were delivered individually, with two in groups 27,28 and one mixed. 26 All studies, except two, 28,33 reported significant improvements in at least one CMD in the intervention group compared with the control group. Mean baseline CMD scores differed between women who did and did not report intimate partner violence in none of the five interventions reporting anxiety symptoms, in two (25%) of eight interventions reporting PTSD symptoms, in five (42%) of 12 interventions reporting depression symptoms, and in one (25%) of four interventions reporting psychological distress symptoms (appendix pp [8][9].…”

“…For example, studies measured postintervention outcomes at variable times (immediately, 28-30 3 months, 22,27,31,32 or 6 months 21,25 post-participation, and 3 months 33 or 6 months 26,34 postpartum) and varied in their use of validated intimate partner violence measures. Most studies asked a single question about intimate partner violence 32,33 or domestic violence 21,26,29,30,34 exposure, which might have included abuse by non-partners. Some studies 26,33,34 asked about intimate partner violence in the past 3 months only, perhaps underestimating intimate partner violence prevalence and one study 25 asked about domestic upheaval in the past 6 months, perhaps overestimating intimate partner violence prevalence.…”