Task‐specific Dystonias

Torres-Russotto, Diego; Perlmutter, Joel S.

doi:10.1196/annals.1444.012

Cited by 136 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(386 reference statements)

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“…Task-specific dystonias are primary focal dystonias characterized by involuntary co-contraction of antagonist muscles and motor overflow, producing abnormal postures during selective motor activities that often involve dexterous, repetitive movements (Hallett 2006;Torres-Russotto and Perlmutter 2008;Vidailhet et al 2009). The most frequent task-specific dystonia is writer's cramp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient Homeostatic Regulation of Practice-Dependent Plasticity in Writer’s Cramp

et al. 2010

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Homeostatic metaplasticity is important to maintain overall synaptic weight in neuronal networks. Previous work suggested that homeostatic metaplasticity in motor cortex is impaired in writer's cramp, the most common form of task-specific focal dystonia, when explored by the interactions between 2 successive plasticity inducing transcranial brain stimulation protocols (Quartarone Rizzo V, Bagnato S, Morgante F, Sant'angelo A, Romano M, Crupi D, Girlanda P, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR. 2005. Homeostatic-like plasticity of the primary motor hand area is impaired in focal hand dystonia. Brain. 128:1943Brain. 128: --1950. To which extent deficient homeostatic metaplasticity applies also to the behavioral level of practicedependent plasticity is unknown. Here, we examined the interactions of 3 paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols (motor cortical excitability-enhancing paired associative stimulation (PAS) 25ms , excitability-depressing PAS 10ms , and control PAS 100ms ) with subsequent practice-dependent plasticity. Ten patients with writer's cramp and 10 healthy controls practiced rapid thumb abductions for 30 min. Practice-dependent plasticity was quantified by the increase in peak acceleration of the trained movement. The healthy controls but not the writer's cramp patients showed homeostatic suppression of practice-dependent plasticity after PAS 25ms when compared with practice-dependent plasticity after PAS 10ms and PAS 100ms . The lack of the PAS 25ms -induced suppression of practice-dependent plasticity in writer's cramp correlated with clinical severity of the focal hand dystonia. Findings support the notion that deficient homeostatic metaplasticity of practicedependent plasticity plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of writer's cramp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient Homeostatic Regulation of Practice-Dependent Plasticity in Writer’s Cramp

et al. 2010

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“…It may be unilateral at onset, but it almost always affects bilateral orbicularis oculi muscles. Blepharospasms are usually non-taskspecific [Torres-Russotto and Perlmutter, 2008]. However, as other dystonias, they can have taskspecific improvements and exacerbations.…”

Section: Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm: current evidence and recent developments

Hellman

Torres-Russotto

2014

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary closure of the eyelids [Stacy, 2007]. It usually affects both orbicularis oculi, and can progress into causing significant disability. It may occur in isolation, or be associated with other dystonias. Parkinsonism, dystonic cerebral palsy, and tardive phenomena are some of the commonly associated disorders. Adequate treatment of blepharospasm is necessary to allow maintenance of quality of life, avoid functional blindness, and to prevent complications such as corneal abrasions and dermatochalasis. In 1989, blepharospasm (in patients older than 12 years old) was the first indication approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of BoNT-A [Ramirez-Castaneda and Jankovic, 2013]. Before the introduction of chemodenervation through botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections, treatment was challenging, as oral medications had minimal effectiveness and produced limiting side effects. We provide here an up-todate review of the use of BoNT for blepharospasm. Epidemiology Prevalence estimates of blepharospasm range from 16-133 cases per million [Defazio and

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“…In addition, dynamic EMG demonstrated sustained and excessive muscular activation patterns common to task-specific dystonia. 5,39 The similarities evident in these case studies and the patient's presentation resulted in a high suspicion of runner's dystonia and prompted PT2 to refer the patient to a physician neurologist who specialized in movement-related disorders (Neuro2).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most reported cases of task-specific focal dystonia involve the upper extremity, including syndromes such as writer's cramp, musician's dystonia, and golfer's yips. 39 In each of these syndromes, the altered movement pattern is specific to a task that has been performed repetitively and often plays a substantial role in the affected individual's livelihood. The distinguishing feature of runner's dystonia from other task-specific dystonias is that the individual first develops symptoms during running.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%