Task-Specific Sex Differences in Vigilance Performance: Subjective Workload and Boredom

Prinzel, Lawrence J.; Freeman, Frederick G.

doi:10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1195

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…15,22 In addition, the significant poorer vigilance performance in women, compared with men, seen in our results has been shown in prior studies. 23,24 The reasons for the sex differences in PVT response speed are not likely to reflect aptitude differences 24,25 as much as differences between men and women in response bias-men tend to bias toward speed whereas women tend to bias toward accuracy, which is consistent with our finding that men had significantly shorter RTs overall, but they also averaged a higher number of false responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Psychomotor Vigilance in a Community-Based Sample

Kim

Dinges

Young

2007

Sleep

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, LEADING TO nocturnal arousals, unrefreshing sleep, and daytime sleepiness. SDB has been shown to be a contributing factor in diminished neurocognitive functioning. [1][2][3][4] Specifically, within the spectrum of neurocognitive deficits, vigilance impairment or inability to sustain attention is a frequent complaint of patients with SDB. Vigilance lapses have been shown to be associated with sleepiness-regardless of the cause-as well as with fatigue and alcohol impairment, 5-7 and the lapses have been found to be tightly coupled to slow eyelid closures, 8 which increase in frequency with drowsy driving 9 and contribute to motor vehicle crashes and occupation-related accidents. 10Significant associations between SDB and impaired vigilance have been shown in patient-based studies.3,11-13 Because these studies were based on patients who may have been more likely to be have been referred to a sleep clinic if they experienced impaired vigilance, the association between SDB and impaired vigilance may be overstated and may not be applicable to SDB in the community-based population.In contrast with the results from patient-based studies, no significant relationships between SDB and vigilance impairment have been reported in samples of older community-dwelling adults selected independently of sleep complaints.14,15 Although the data suggest that SDB in older people may not be associated with impairment, it is possible that methodologic differences, restricted age range, selection bias, or small sample size may explain the discrepancies in the findings between these and the findings from the patient-based studies.SDB is common and the range of SDB severity is wide, but no studies on the association between SDB and vigilance in the community population based on a large sample have been reported that span the full range of SDB severity and age range in adults.In a large community-based sample of middle-aged and older adults, we assessed the independent association between SDB and vigilance impairment as assessed by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), an instrument that is widely used in assessing the maintenance of alertness related to sleep deprivation and sleep disorders.7 In addition, data on self-reported and polysomnographically determined sleepiness provided the opportunity to assess whether sleepiness mediates the associations of SDB with vigilance impairments and the impact of sleepiness on vigilance performance in a nonclinical population. Study Objective: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with impaired psychomotor vigilance performance in patients with sleep apnea patients. A bias toward greater referral of sleep apnea patients with severely impaired performance could explain these findings. Furthermore, no studies on the association between SDB and vigilance performance in a large community-based sample have been reported that encompasses the full spectrum of SDB severity. This study investigated the association between SDB and psychomotor vigilance with cross-sectional data from the Wiscon...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Psychomotor Vigilance in a Community-Based Sample

Kim

Dinges

Young

2007

Sleep

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“…This finding is consistent with numerous other studies that have failed to find gender differences on CPTs using alphanumeric stimuli (Edley & Knopf, 1987;Lam & Beale, 1991;McKay, Halperin, Schwartz, & Sharma, 1994;Swanson & Cooney, 1989). Studies of adolescents and young adults, however, suggest that the likelihood of genderrelated variation in CPT performance may be controlled by level of demand for visual-spatial (i.e., non-verbal) analysis of stimuli (Dittmar et al, 1993;Lin et al, 1999;Prinzel & Freeman, 1997). This issue has not been examined systematically among children.…”

Section: Relationships Of Subject Attributes To Cpt Performancesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Recent investigations of CPT scores obtained by adolescents and young adults suggest that the likelihood of gender differences on CPTs is controlled by the visual complexity of stimuli (Dittmar, Warm, Dember, & Ricks, 1993;Prinzel & Freeman, 1997). A recent study suggests that task complexity may moderate the likelihood of gender differences on auditory CPTs among children (Hatta, 1993).…”

Section: Gender and Cpt Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of task and subject variables among continuous performance tests

Denney¹,

Rapport

Chung

2005

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Different combinations of target paradigm and target density appear to yield scores that are conceptually and psychometrically distinguishable. Consequently, developmentally appropriate interpretation of error rates across tasks may require (a) careful analysis of working memory and attentional resources required for successful performance, and (b) normative data bases that are differently stratified with respect to combinations of age and intelligence.

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“…The present findings are consistent with previous research on sex differences in boredom proneness (see, e.g., Prinzel & Freeman, 1997 interest, however, is that men scored higher than women. This finding, although unexpected, is in keeping with previous research on the relationship between boredom and the academic performance of some male undergraduates (e.g., Maroldo, 1986).…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has, for example, been associated with negative affective states (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986), pathological gambling (Blaszczynsh, McConaghy, & Frankova, 1990), poor academic performance (Maroldo, 1986), and a variety of health problems (Sommers & Vodanovich, 2000). Of particular interest is research involving sex differences in boredom proneness wherein findings have consistently shown a tendency for females to report higher scores on boredom than males (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986;Prinzel & Freeman, 1997). The present study attempted to examine further the issue of sex differences in boredom proneness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%