Task switching reveals abnormal brain-heart electrophysiological signatures in cognitively healthy individuals with abnormal CSF amyloid/tau, a pilot study

Arechavala, Rebecca J; Rochart, Roger; Kloner, Robert A.; Liu, Anqi; Wu, Daw‐An; Hung, Shao-Min; Shimojo, Shinsuke; Fonteh, Alfred N.; Kleinman, Michael T.; Harrington, Michael G.; Arakaki, Xianghong

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.007

Cited by 7 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In this study, there were no differences in baseline HRV between the two groups. However, HRV (RR and LF) decreased from resting to task in those with pathological amyloid/tau, indicating a hyper-active sympathovagal response to a task-switching challenge (Arechavala et al, 2021). These studies suggested that compared to age-matched controls, individuals with early AD risk presented reduced autonomic changes with physical position changes from supine to standing but presented greater responses to mental tasks.…”

Section: Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although no differences in baseline HRV indices between groups were observed, during position changes the MCI participants presented with smaller increases of normalized LF (nLF) and smaller decreases of normalized HF (nHF), indicating reduced physiological changes when transitioning from supine resting to standing (Nicolini et al, 2014). Additionally, Arechavala et al (2021) used 5-min ECG recordings of 46 cognitively healthy elderly participants classified into two groups (normal or pathological levels of CSF amyloid/tau) at rest or during a computer-based task switching challenge. In this study, there were no differences in baseline HRV between the two groups.…”

Section: Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) We have reviewed studies that include both short term measures of HRV in the laboratory settings (most studies) and HRV over a prolonged period of time in real life ambulatory settings. With more focused electrophysiological processing, lab settings provide high quality signals and controlled environment, as well as individual's responses to stimuli (Angius et al, 2019;Arechavala et al, 2021). HRV studies in real life settings have received attention recently with advantages of real-life processing of stimuli.…”

Section: Updates and Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The connection between heart rate variability (HRV), neurological health, and cognition: A literature review

Arakaki

Arechavala²,

Choy³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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The heart and brain have bi-directional influences on each other, including autonomic regulation and hemodynamic connections. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures variation in beat-to-beat intervals. New findings about disorganized sinus rhythm (erratic rhythm, quantified as heart rate fragmentation, HRF) are discussed and suggest overestimation of autonomic activities in HRV changes, especially during aging or cardiovascular events. When excluding HRF, HRV is regulated via the central autonomic network (CAN). HRV acts as a proxy of autonomic activity and is associated with executive functions, decision-making, and emotional regulation in our health and wellbeing. Abnormal changes of HRV (e.g., decreased vagal functioning) are observed in various neurological conditions including mild cognitive impairments, dementia, mild traumatic brain injury, migraine, COVID-19, stroke, epilepsy, and psychological conditions (e.g., anxiety, stress, and schizophrenia). Efforts are needed to improve the dynamic and intriguing heart-brain interactions.

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Section: Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Updates and Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The connection between heart rate variability (HRV), neurological health, and cognition: A literature review

Arakaki

Arechavala²,

Choy³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…In a related study with healthy young participants, it was shown that short-term practice modulated the strength of implicit interference [4]. These findings provide a solid foundation for the current study, in which we examined two similar task-switching experiments [2,5] completed sequentially by the same cognitively healthy older individuals. The participants' risk status for cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease had been previously determined for a longitudinal study and defined as cognitively healthy with normal Aβ42 /total tau protein ratio (CH-NATs, low-risk) or pathological ratio (CH-PATs, high-risk).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Practice makes imperfect: stronger implicit interference with practice in individuals at high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease

Hung

Adams

Molloy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Early screening to determine patient risk of developing Alzheimer’s will allow better interventions and planning but necessitates accessible methods such as behavioral biomarkers. Previously, we showed that cognitively healthy older individuals whose cerebrospinal fluid amyloid / tau ratio indicates high risk of cognitive decline experienced implicit interference during a high-effort task, signaling early changes in attention. To further investigate attention’s effect on implicit interference, we analyzed two experiments completed sequentially by the same high- and low-risk individuals. We hypothesized that if attention modulates interference, practice would affect the influence of implicit distractors. Indeed, while both groups experienced a strong practice effect, the association between practice and interference effects diverged between groups: stronger practice effects correlated with more implicit interference in high-risk participants, but less interference in low-risk individuals. Furthermore, low-risk individuals showed a positive correlation between implicit interference and EEG low-range alpha event-related desynchronization when switching from high-to low-load tasks. These results demonstrate how attention impacts implicit interference and highlight early differences in cognition between high- and low-risk individuals.

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“…Our recent studies also indicated that combining other physiological data such as those from electroencephalogram and heart rate variability increased the performance when classifying older participants into higher and lower risk groups. 27,33 The ultimate goal of the current research direction is to find sensitive cognitive domains that either provide individual classification with a psychophysical test or can be combined with other critical physiological measures to form an informative index, both with the goal to inform the risk to develop AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stronger implicit interference in cognitively healthy older participants with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease

Hung

Shimojo

et al. 2022

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

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Introduction Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and tau levels have been revealed decades before symptoms onset in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the examination is usually invasive and inaccessible to most people. We thus aimed to develop a non‐invasive behavioral test that targets early potential cognitive changes to gauge cognitive decline. Specifically, we hypothesized that older cognitive healthy participants would exhibit comparable performance when the task was explicit and relied on conscious cognition. However, when the task was implicit, the performance of participants at high and low risks for AD would bifurcate. That is, early changes in unconscious cognition could be linked to cognitive health. Methods We measured implicit interference elicited by an imperceptible distractor in cognitively healthy elderly participants with normal (low risk) and pathological (high risk) Aβ42/total tau ratio. Participants were required to perform a Stroop task (word‐naming or color‐naming on an ink‐semantics inconsistent word) with a visually masked distractor presented prior to the target task. Results We found that, under a high‐effort task (i.e., color‐naming in the Stroop task), high‐risk participants suffered interference when the imperceptible distractor and the subsequent target were incongruent in the responses they triggered. Their reaction times were slowed down by approximately 4%. This implicit interference was not found in the low‐risk participants. Discussion These findings indicate that weakened inhibition of distracting implicit information can be a potential behavioral biomarker of early identification of AD pathology. Our study thus offers a new experimental paradigm to reveal early pathological aging by assessing how individuals respond to subperceptual threshold visual stimuli.

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Task switching reveals abnormal brain-heart electrophysiological signatures in cognitively healthy individuals with abnormal CSF amyloid/tau, a pilot study

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

The connection between heart rate variability (HRV), neurological health, and cognition: A literature review

The connection between heart rate variability (HRV), neurological health, and cognition: A literature review

Practice makes imperfect: stronger implicit interference with practice in individuals at high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease

Stronger implicit interference in cognitively healthy older participants with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease

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