“Tasting and wasting” behavior in non-human primates: Aberrant behavior or normal behavior in “times of plenty”

Foltin, Richard W.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.018

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, Lawrence and Illius (1989) pointed out that the motivation to perform an operant for food in pigs is not only due to hunger, but also due to the pig's innate motivation to "root" or forage. Similarly, we have shown that some baboons will respond for a sugar-coated chocolate candy, but then not eat them when only 10 responses were required for 1 candy (Foltin 2006a). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In a previous study with these same baboons, the BP for a single chow food pellet was about 80 and the BP for a single Skittle candy was about 200 (Foltin 2006a); BP was defined as the last response requirement completed before the baboon stopped responding. The greater BP for candy meant that the baboons consumed about 50 percent more candy than chow pellets before they stopped responding.…”

Section: Progressive Ratio Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

2008

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Rationale-Procedures for studying the effects of medications on satiation will assist the development of obesity medications.Objectives-Develop a procedure for measuring satiation during consumption of bland and highly palatable food, and determine the effect of acute intramuscular administration of dexfenfluramine (DFEN), which increases serotonin levels, and memantine (MEM), which blocks N-methyl-Daspartate receptors.Methods-A modified progressive ratio (PR) procedure was used to track changes in reinforcing strength when a food was consumed. The response requirement increased after each reinforcement, and reinforcing strength was estimated using the breakpoint (BP), which was the last completed response cost. There was one preferred food (sweet candy) and one chow pellet PR session per week. During each session, 4 male and 4 female adult baboons experienced three 1-hr PR trials, separated by 30 min. Chow pellets were available at all other times. We examined the BP for 1 to 20 candies or chow pellets. Drug effects were examined when baboons had access to 1 and 10 candies/pellets.Results-Breakpoints for candy were greater than for pellets. Varying the pellet/candy pieces per delivery, produced an inverted U-shaped function on the first trial, i.e., maximal BP was observed for 3 items, and the BP for multiple items, but not a single item, decreased across trials, i.e., BP decreased with food intake and satiation. DFEN and MEM decreased responding with the greatest effects at 10 deliveries suggesting that DFEN and MEM enhanced satiation.Conclusion-Drugs that enhance satiation for several types of food may be particularly effective for decreasing food intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Progressive Ratio Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

2008

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“…Potential nonnutritional, hedonically oriented mechanisms that might explain the collective results include "negative contrast" (21,24,32,77), due to recent experience of or the prospect of access to a more rewarding alternative (30,31,38,79); "food withdrawal," analogous to an aversive state of drug withdrawal (8,36,87); or opponent-process allostatic shifts in brain reward function (84) to counter the effects of the highly preferred diet. The inability of subjects to access a known, more preferred reinforcer also might contribute to the progressive nature of behavioral changes by acting as a repeated stressor, which can impair brain reward function (65,78).…”

Section: Decreased Reinforcing Efficacy Of Less Preferred Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restrained eaters attempt to limit themselves to "safe" foods, typically less palatable than "forbidden" foods, to which they often return in bouts of overeating (37,46,50,86,98). Accordingly, it has been proposed that animals given intermittent access to sugary (24, 39 -41) or fatty (18,20,21,28,32,33) palatable, energy-dense foods or to sucrose solutions (6 -9, 11, 12) show adaptations that may be relevant to the etiology of binge eating or obesity, and, more generally, to changes in the appetitive or satiating properties of specific foods.The bases for the greater preferredness (in food choice paradigms) and acceptance (in single-food paradigms) of highfat, high-sugar and energy-dense foods that develops in intermittent access models has received study (8, 17-21, 32, 61). However, less attention has been given to the underconsumption of less preferred, but otherwise acceptable, food that follows access to palatable, energy-dense food.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypophagia of once acceptable food has often been interpreted to result from a corrective energy homeostasis mechanism to oppose weight gain (4,18,58) or caloric conditioning (13,83,90). Alternatively, some investigators have proposed nonnutritional contributions, including "negative contrast" (21,24,32,77), due to recent experience of or the prospect of access to a more rewarding alternative (30,31,38,79); "food withdrawal," analogous to an aversive state of drug withdrawal (87); or opponent-process decrements in brain reward function (84).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intermittent access to preferred food reduces the reinforcing efficacy of chow in rats

Cottone

Sabino²,

Steardo³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Cottone P, Sabino V, Steardo L, Zorrilla EP. Intermittent access to preferred food reduces the reinforcing efficacy of chow in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1066 -R1076, 2008. First published July 30, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90309.2008.-Intermittent, extended access to preferred diets increases their intake. However, the effects of such access on the acceptance and reinforcing efficacy of otherwise satisfying alternatives is less known. To investigate the role of nonnutritional contributions to the hypophagia that follows removal of preferred food, male Wistar rats were fed a chow diet (Chow A/I), preferred to their regular chow (Chow), which was equally consumed under 1-choice conditions to an even more preferred chocolate-flavored, sucrose-rich diet (Preferred). Rats then learned to obtain Chow A/I pellets under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement and were assigned to two matched groups. Each week, one group (n ϭ 15) was diet-cycled, receiving Chow A/I for 5 days followed by the Preferred diet for 2 days. Controls received Chow A/I daily (n ϭ 14). Progressive ratio sessions were performed daily during the 5 days that all subjects received Chow A/I in the home cage. Across 5 wk, diet-cycled rats progressively ate less of the otherwise palatable Chow A/I diet. Hypophagia was not due to greater prior intake or weight gain, motor impairment, or facilitated satiation and was associated with changes in progressive ratio performance that suggested a reduced reinforcing efficacy of the Chow A/I diet in diet-cycled animals. By week 4, diet-cycled animals began to overeat the preferred diet, especially during the first 6 h of renewed access, resembling a deprivation effect. The results suggest that intermittent access to highly preferred food, as practiced by many restrained eaters, may progressively decrease the acceptability of less palatable foods, and may promote relapse to more rewarding alternatives. limited access; food intake; negative contrast; deprivation; palatability PROVIDING LIMITED, RATHER than continuous, access to rewards is a procedure used to model excessive behaviors. For example, intermittent, but extended, access to substances of abuse, such as ethanol (8, 19, 24, 29, 66), nicotine (35, 66), cocaine (1, 2, 5, 49, 62, 69, 95), heroin (3, 56), and methamphetamine (48) induces behavioral and molecular adaptations in rodents which resemble features of drug dependence in humans (54, 99), including increased drug self-administration. Drug addicts themselves often show cyclic patterns of uncontrolled use vs. abstinence, a profile also modeled by intermittent access animal models.Cycles of access to and deprivation from palatable foods also have been used to model the dysregulated food-directed behavior seen in some humans. Restrained eaters attempt to limit themselves to "safe" foods, typically less palatable than "forbidden" foods, to which they often return in bouts of overeating (37,46,50,86,98). Accordingly, it has been proposed that animals given intermittent access ...

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Modeling Binge Eating in Nonhuman Primates

Foltin

2012

Neuromethods

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“Tasting and wasting” behavior in non-human primates: Aberrant behavior or normal behavior in “times of plenty”

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

Intermittent access to preferred food reduces the reinforcing efficacy of chow in rats

Modeling Binge Eating in Nonhuman Primates

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