Tattoolike Polyaniline Microparticle-Doped Gold Nanowire Patches as Highly Durable Wearable Sensors

Gong, Shuping; Lai, Daniel T. H.; Wang, Yan; Yap, Lim Wei; Jye, Kae; Shi, Qianqian; Jason, Naveen Noah; Sridhar, T.; Uddin, Hemayet; Cheng, Wenlong

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b05001

Cited by 284 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[ 10,29,33,59,74 ] As 1D nanomaterials have high aspect ratio, the effective percolation networks can be easily formed and the thin fi lms can sustain stable electromechanical characteristics even for high strain levels. The CB, NP, and graphene thin fi lms based strain sensors typically exhibited low stretchability ( ε ≤ 10%), [ 12,36,[50][51][52]54,55,[67][68][69][70]74,76 ] except for the crumpled graphene-nanocellulose nanopaper composite ( ε ≈ 100%), fragmentized graphene foam (FGF)-PDMS nanocomposites ( ε ≈ 70%), graphene-rubber composites ( ε ≈ 800%), and CBs-TPE nanocomposite ( ε ≈ 80%) strain sensors where stretchability was improved by their special 3D fi brous structures ( Figure 4 a and 4 b). [ 46,47,51,61 ] The low stretchability of the CBs, NPs, and graphene based strain sensors could be explained by the lack of robust percolating networks of the low aspect ratio nanomaterials.…”

Section: Stretchabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 74 ] Remote control of slave robots by smart glove systems would be benefi cial in performing surgical procedures or delicate and dangerous works that may be out of reach for the human body. [ 10,14,33,47 ] Smart glove systems developed by wearable sensors are advantageous over conventional systems based on the optical fi bers and metal-strain gauges (cyber glove) in terms of high-strain sensing capabilities, fabrication cost, and simplicity.…”

Section: Human-machine Interfaces Soft Robotics and Hapticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

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wileyonlinelibrary.comSkin-mountable and wearable sensors can be attached onto the clothing or even directly mounted on the human skin for the real-time monitoring of human activities. [ 10 ] Besides their high effi ciency, they must fulfi ll several minimum requirements including high stretchability, fl exibility, durability, low power consumption, biocompatibility, and lightweight. These demands become even more severe for epidermal electronic devices where mechanical compliance like human skin and high stretchability ( ε > 100% where ε is the strain) are required. [ 11,12 ] Recently, several types of skin-mountable and wearable sensors have been proposed by using nanomaterials coupled with fl exible and stretchable polymers. Indeed, nanomaterials are utilized as functional sensing elements owing to their outstanding electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties while polymers are employed as fl exible support materials thanks to their fl exibility, stretchability, humanfriendliness, and durability. [ 13 ] Examples of those innovative sensors include strain sensors, [ 10,[12][13][14] pressure sensors, [ 5,[15][16][17] electronic skins (e-skins), [ 3,[16][17][18][19][20] and temperature sensors. [ 2,21,22 ] Particularly, various skin-mountable and wearable strain sensors have been developed because of their broad applications in personalized heath-monitoring, human motion detection, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. [ 10,12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] This paper aims to survey fabrication processes, working mechanisms, strain sensing performances, and applications of stretchable strain sensors. The article is organized as follows: fi rst, common operation mechanisms of stretchable strain sensors are described. Here, we summarize novel functional nanomaterials and techniques for the fabrication of stretchable strain sensors in details. Second, mechanisms involved in the strain-responsive behavior of resistive-type and capacitive-type sensors are explained. We show that the infl uence of traditional mechanisms like geometrical changes and piezoresistivity of materials on the strain sensing performance of fl exible strain sensors are very small whereas mechanisms such as disconnection between sensing elements, crack propagation in thin fi lms, and tunneling effect can potentially be employed for highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensing. Third, we emphasize the performance parameters of stretchable strain sensors in terms of stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis behavior, response time, overshooting, and durability. We demonstrate

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Section: Stretchabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human-machine Interfaces Soft Robotics and Hapticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

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“…The opening and propagation of cracks www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advhealthmat.de leads to increase in the resistance and on the contrary, the closing of the cracks leads to recovery of the resistance. Examples include strain sensors based on AgNPs coated fiber mat, [56] AuNW/latex, [44,68] CNT/PDMS, [121] CNT-Ecoflex, [39] SWCNT paper-PDMS, [122] graphene/PDMS, [123] graphene woven fabric/ PDMS, [103,124] graphene coated yarns, [52] fragmentized graphene foam/PDMS, [125] and fish-scale-like rGO. [126] Figure 4b shows the fractured SWCNT film attached onto PDMS.…”

Section: Resistive Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[107] When the applied strain is released, it is difficult for the nanomaterials to slide back to the initial position or for the cracks to be completely closed. Due to the viscoelasticity of polymers and the friction between the nanomaterials and the polymer matrix during loading and unloading, rearrangement of nanomaterials Polyaniline doped AuNW/Latex rubber [68] Resistive 2-12 for 0-100% 149.6% -Human finger-controlled robotic arm system AuNW/Latex rubber [44] Resistive 9.9 (0-5%), 6.9 (5-50%) 300% 0.01% Data glove, monitoring of forearm muscle movement, cheek movement, phonation, and wrist pulse AgNW/Ecoflex/AgNW [41] Capacitive 0.7 50% -Monitoring of finger bending and knee motion CNT/Ecoflex/CNT [25] Capacitive 0.4 50% --CNT/silicone/CNT [127] Capacitive 0.99 100% -Robotic linkage CNT/Dragon Skin/CNT [129] Capacitive 1 300% -Date glove, monitoring of balloon inflation and chest movement PVDF-TrFE with graphene FET [134] Piezoelectric 389 ≈0.3% 0.008% Monitoring of hand movement ZnO NW array [132] Piezoelectric 1813 0.8% --Carbon fiber-ZnO NW [217] Piezoelectric 60-80 1.2% 0.2% -www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advhealthmat. de and opening of cracks results in time delay between electrical output and mechanical input.…”

Section: Resistive Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct spinning of CNTs onto a substrate or into yarns [53][54][55] and electrospinning of nanofibers or NWs were reported to produce fiber-like nanomaterials. [56][57][58][59] In addition, novel direct printing or writing techniques [60,61] such as inkjet printing, [62] gravure printing, [63,64] screen printing, [65][66][67] nozzle jet printing, [26] and direct writing [68,69] enabled the fabrication of wearable sensors that possess complex patterns with high resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

469

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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Nanotechnology in Electronics, Materials Properties, and Devices: State of the Art and Future Challenges

Visakh¹,

Balakrishnan²

2022

Nanotechnology in Electronics

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Tattoolike Polyaniline Microparticle-Doped Gold Nanowire Patches as Highly Durable Wearable Sensors

Cited by 284 publications

References 38 publications

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Nanotechnology in Electronics, Materials Properties, and Devices: State of the Art and Future Challenges

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