TaTypA, a Ribosome-Binding GTPase Protein, Positively Regulates Wheat Resistance to the Stripe Rust Fungus

Liu, Peng; Myo, Thwin; Ma, Wei; Lan, Dingyun; Qi, Tuo; Guo, Jia; Song, Ping; Guo, Jun; Kang, Zhensheng

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00873

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…To analyze the subcellular localization of TaAMT2;3a protein, the full length CDS of TaAMT2;3a was amplified by primers TaAMT2;3a(163)-F and TaAMT2;3a(163)-R (Additional file 4: Table S2) and inserted into the Pst I and BamH I sites of the pCAMV35S::GFP vector to generate the TaAMT2;3a-GFP fusion vector. The protoplasts were isolated from leaf tissue of one-week-old wheat seedlings as previously described [40]. The recombinant vector and the control plasmid pCAMV35S::GFP were transformed into wheat protoplasts by the PEG-mediated transformation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaAMT2;3a, a wheat AMT2-type ammonium transporter, facilitates the infection of stripe rust fungus on wheat

et al. 2019

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Background Ammonium transporters (AMTs), a family of proteins transporting ammonium salt and its analogues, have been studied in many aspects. Although numerous studies have found that ammonium affects the interaction between plants and pathogens, the role of AMTs remains largely unknown, especially that of the AMT2-type AMTs. Results In the present study, we found that the concentration of ammonium in wheat leaves decreased after infection with Puccinia striiformis f. sp . tritici ( Pst ), the causal agent of stripe rust. Then, an AMT2-type ammonium transporter gene induced by Pst was identified and designated as TaAMT2;3a . Transient expression assays indicated that TaAMT2;3a was located to the cell and nuclear membranes. TaAMT2;3a successfully complemented the function of a yeast mutant defective in NH 4 + transport, indicating its ammonium transport capacity. Function of TaAMT2;3a in wheat- Pst interaction was further analyzed by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing. Pst growth was significantly retarded in TaAMT2;3a -knockdown plants, in which ammonium in leaves were shown to be induced at the early stage of infection. Histological observation showed that the hyphal length, the number of hyphal branches and haustorial mother cells decreased in the TaAMT2;3a knockdown plants, leading to the impeded growth of rust pathogens. Conclusions The results clearly indicate that the induction of AMT2-type ammonium transporter gene TaAMT2;3a may facilitates the nitrogen uptake from wheat leaves by Pst, thereby contribute to the infection of rust fungi. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1841-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaAMT2;3a, a wheat AMT2-type ammonium transporter, facilitates the infection of stripe rust fungus on wheat

et al. 2019

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“…Genomic DNA were performed using the CTAB method ( Del et al, 1989 ) from samples collected at 120 hpi after infected with Pst . Standard curve was generated by the plasmid carried the fragment of PsEF1 and TaEF1 as described ( Liu J. et al, 2016 ; Liu P. et al, 2016 ) (Supplementary Table S3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaARPC3, Contributes to Wheat Resistance against the Stripe Rust Fungus

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Front. Plant. Sci.

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The actin cytoskeleton participates in numerous cellular processes, including less-characterized processes, such as nuclear organization, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and signal transduction. As a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, the actin related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex) controls multiple developmental processes in a variety of tissues and cell types. To date, the role of the Arp2/3 complex in plant disease resistance signaling is largely unknown. Herein, we identified and characterized wheat ARPC3, TaARPC3, which encodes the C3 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex. Expression of TaARPC3 in the arc18 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δarc18 resulted in complementation of stress-induced phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, as well as restore wild-type cell shape malformations. TaARPC3 was found predominantly to be localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm when expressed transiently in wheat protoplast. TaARPC3 was significantly induced in response to avirulent race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knock-down of TaARPC3 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in a reduction of resistance against Pst through a specific reduction in actin cytoskeletal organization. Interestingly, this reduction was found to coincide with a block in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the hypersensitive response (HR), an increase in TaCAT1 mRNA accumulation, and the growth of Pst. Taken together, these findings suggest that TaARPC3 is a key subunit of the Arp2/3 complex which is required for wheat resistance against Pst, a process that is associated with the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.

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“…For verification of protein expression, western blotting was performed as previously described (Liu et al, 2016c). The total proteins in wheat protoplasts or infiltrated tobacco leaves were extracted with protein extraction kits (Solarbio, Beijing, China) following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Western Blotting Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

PSTha5a23, a candidate effector from the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is involved in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity

Cheng

Yao

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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During the infection of host plants, pathogens can deliver virulence-associated 'effector' proteins to promote plant susceptibility. However, little is known about effector function in the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) that is an important fungal pathogen in wheat production worldwide. Here, they report their findings on an in planta highly induced candidate effector from Pst, PSTha5a23. The PSTha5a23 gene is unique to Pst and shows a low level of intra-species polymorphism. It has a functional N-terminal signal peptide and is translocated to the host cytoplasm after infection. Overexpression of PSTha5a23 in Nicotiana benthamiana was found to suppress the programmed cell death triggered by BAX, PAMP-INF1 and two resistance-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MKK1 and NPK1). Overexpression of PSTha5a23 in wheat also suppressed pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-associated callose deposition. In addition, silencing of PSTha5a23 did not change Pst virulence phenotypes; however, overexpression of PSTha5a23 significantly enhanced Pst virulence in wheat. These results indicate that the Pst candidate effector PSTha5a23 plays an important role in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity, and also highlight the utility of gene overexpression in plants as a tool for studying effectors from obligate biotrophic pathogens.

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TaTypA, a Ribosome-Binding GTPase Protein, Positively Regulates Wheat Resistance to the Stripe Rust Fungus

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

TaAMT2;3a, a wheat AMT2-type ammonium transporter, facilitates the infection of stripe rust fungus on wheat

TaAMT2;3a, a wheat AMT2-type ammonium transporter, facilitates the infection of stripe rust fungus on wheat

TaARPC3, Contributes to Wheat Resistance against the Stripe Rust Fungus

PSTha5a23, a candidate effector from the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is involved in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity

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