Taurine

Wesseling, Sebastiaan; Koeners, Maarten P.; Joles, Jaap A.

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.130427

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This study is the first to report a substantial defect in the enzyme CSAD (and hence in taurine metabolism) in a pathological state (CKD) relevant to human disease. As it has been reported that taurine may play a significant role in prevention of endothelial and cardiovascular dysfunction [ 17 ], at least partly through its potent physiological [ 42 ] and anti-oxidant [ 16 ] effects, it is likely that CSAD insufficiency in CKD has pathological consequences, possibly contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease which is the major cause of death [ 18 ] in CKD patients. This view is reinforced by evidence from CSAD knock-out mice in which there was considerable mortality in the mice accompanied by up-regulation of genes encoding anti-oxidant enzymes [ 15 ], indicating oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taurine depletion in CKD is undesirable [ 10 ] in view of taurine’s physiological importance [ 16 ], notably its reported protective effect [ 17 ] against endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cardio-vascular disease which is the leading cause of death in patients with advanced CKD [ 18 ]. It has been proposed that taurine depleted patients with CKD could be treated by giving a taurine supplement, for example in dialysis fluid [ 19 ] or as an oral supplement [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

et al. 2021

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Background Taurine depletion occurs in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). In contrast, in the absence of CKD, plasma taurine is reported to increase following dietary L-glutamine supplementation. This study tested the hypothesis that taurine biosynthesis decreases in a rat CKD model, but is rectified by L-glutamine supplementation. Methods CKD was induced by partial nephrectomy in male Sprague-Dawley rats, followed 2 weeks later by 2 weeks of 12% w/w L-glutamine supplemented diet (designated NxT) or control diet (NxC). Sham-operated control rats (S) received control diet. Results Taurine concentration in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle was not depleted, but steady-state urinary taurine excretion (a measure of whole-body taurine biosynthesis) was strongly suppressed (28.3 ± 8.7 in NxC rats versus 78.5 ± 7.6 μmol/24 h in S, P < 0.05), accompanied by reduced taurine clearance (NxC 0.14 ± 0.05 versus 0.70 ± 0.11 ml/min/Kg body weight in S, P < 0.05). Hepatic expression of mRNAs encoding key enzymes of taurine biosynthesis (cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) and cysteine dioxygenase (CDO)) showed no statistically significant response to CKD (mean relative expression of CSAD and CDO in NxC versus S was 0.91 ± 0.18 and 0.87 ± 0.14 respectively). Expression of CDO protein was also unaffected. However, CSAD protein decreased strongly in NxC livers (45.0 ± 16.8% of that in S livers, P < 0.005). L-glutamine supplementation failed to rectify taurine biosynthesis or CSAD protein expression, but worsened CKD (proteinuria in NxT 12.5 ± 1.2 versus 6.7 ± 1.5 mg/24 h in NxC, P < 0.05). Conclusion In CKD, hepatic CSAD is depleted and taurine biosynthesis impaired. This is important in view of taurine’s reported protective effect against cardio-vascular disease - the leading cause of death in human CKD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

et al. 2021

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“…Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and is abundantly distributed in several organs of various animals. Taurine can be synthesized from other sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine, cysteine, and cysteine through cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase, and freshwater fish have this pathway [58,59]. It is well known that taurine plays multiple important physiological roles such as osmolyte, bile acid conjugate, and antioxidant [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Anserine-Rich Fish Sauce from Giant Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou masou and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Enrichment by Lactobacillus plantarum Strain N10

et al. 2019

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Previously, we developed a novel production technique for giant masu salmon (GMS). This study aimed to develop a fish sauce from GMS to explore ways to efficiently utilize the salmon and to enrich the fish sauce with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by microbial fermentation. The minced bodies of GMS were autolyzed by endogenous protease at 55 °C and 60 °C. During autolysis, the changes in total free amino acids and protein size was monitored by LC-MS and SDS-PAGE analysis, respectively. After 96 h, fish sauce was prepared by heating, and the amino acid composition was analyzed by LC-MS. To enrich the fish sauce with GABA, Lactobacillus plantarum strain N10 was added and incubated at 28 °C for 48 h. The total free amino acids content significantly increased for 96 h. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that major bands at 200 kDa and 48 kDa detected at 0 h gradually disappeared over time. The ratio of anserine to total amino acids in the fish sauce was approximately 36%. The concentration of GABA in the fish sauce significantly increased through the addition of strain N10. Thus, anserine-rich fish sauce could be quickly produced from GMS, and the fish sauce was enriched with GABA by microbial fermentation.

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“…In our present study, we found the continuously decreased taurine in sera samples of Rip1-Tag2 mice, which was in consistent with the result in patients of breast cancer 48 . Diverse function of taurine in the body had been explored, which included intracellular osmoregulation 49 , antioxidant activity 50 and bile acid formation 51 . The reduced taurine possibly indicated the disorder in one or all of the mentioned functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹H NMR Based Serum Metabolic Profiles Associated with Pathological Progression of Pancreatic Islet β Cell Tumor in Rip1-Tag2 Mice

et al. 2015

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Pancreatic islet β cell tumor is the most common islet cell tumor. A well-characterized tumor progression in Rip1-Tag2 mice undergoes five stages, involving normal, hyperplasia, angiogenic islets, tumorigenesis and invasive carcinoma. 1H NMR based metabonomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring pancreatic islet β cell tumor progression in Rip1-Tag2 mice. Multivariate analysis results showed the serum metabonome at hyperplasia stage shared the similar characteristics with the ones at normal stage as a result of slight proliferation of pancreatic islet β cells. At angiogenic islets stage, the up-regulated glycolysis, disturbed choline and phospholipid metabolism composed the metabolic signature. In addition to the changes mentioned above, several metabolites were identified as early biomarkers for tumorigenesis, including increased methionine, citrate and choline, and reduced acetate, taurine and glucose, which suggested the activated energy and amino acid metabolism. All the changes were aggravated at invasive carcinoma stage, coupled with notable changes in alanine, glutamate and glycine. Moreover, the distinct metabolic phenotype was found associated with the implanting of SV40 large T antigen in Rip1-Tag2 mice. The combined metabolic and multivariate statistics approach provides a robust method for screening the biomarkers of disease progression and examining the association between gene and metabolism.

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Taurine

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

Production of Anserine-Rich Fish Sauce from Giant Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou masou and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Enrichment by Lactobacillus plantarum Strain N10

¹H NMR Based Serum Metabolic Profiles Associated with Pathological Progression of Pancreatic Islet β Cell Tumor in Rip1-Tag2 Mice

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Taurine

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

Hepatic cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase depletion and defective taurine metabolism in a rat partial nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease

Production of Anserine-Rich Fish Sauce from Giant Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou masou and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Enrichment by Lactobacillus plantarum Strain N10

1H NMR Based Serum Metabolic Profiles Associated with Pathological Progression of Pancreatic Islet β Cell Tumor in Rip1-Tag2 Mice

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¹H NMR Based Serum Metabolic Profiles Associated with Pathological Progression of Pancreatic Islet β Cell Tumor in Rip1-Tag2 Mice