Taurine Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Synapse Development of Both Vertebrate and Invertebrate Central Neurons

Mersman, Brittany; Zaidi, Wali; Syed, Naweed I.; Xu, Fenglian

doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00029

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A recent study showed that taurine can affect neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and synaptic transmission in postnatal day 0 rat cortical neurons in vitro. The study provides direct morphological and functional evidence that taurine plays an important role in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic transmission during the early stages of brain development 21 . These results are consistent with our experimental results, indicating that taurine can not only promote neurite growth and synaptic development of vertebrate central neurons but also reduce the toxic effect of PQ + MB on the development of synapses in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Taurine is responsible for a vast array of neurochemical changes in the brain; the culmination of these factors leads to enhanced cognitive functions and neuroprotection 20 . Taurine can promote the neurite outgrowth and the synapse development in both vertebrate and invertebrate central neurons 21 . It can obviously promote the growth and development of the nervous system as well as cell proliferation and differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The protective function of taurine on pesticide‐induced permanent neurodevelopmental toxicity in juvenile rats

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2020

FASEB j.

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Numerous studies have confirmed that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to pesticides can lead to functional deficits in the developing brain. This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) during puberty could cause permanent toxic effects in the neural system of rats. In addition, the neuroprotective function of taurine (T) and its possible mechanism were investigated. Rats were administered PQ + MB intragastrically for 12 continuous weeks, while taurine dissolved in water was fed to the rats for 24 continuous weeks. In the behavioral tests, the rats' trajectories became complex, and the reaction latencies and mistake frequencies increased. Significant changes were found in the hippocampal neurons of the PQ + MB groups but not in the taurine treatment groups. PQ + MB stimulated cAMP to reduce the production of protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibited the activation of other elements, such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), phospho‐CREB (p‐CREB), immediate‐early genes (IEGs)Arc, and c‐Fos. Importantly, taurine regulated the level of cAMP and the expression of the abovementioned proteins. Together, our findings implied that adolescent exposure to PQ + MB may impact the behavior and cognitive function of rats via the cAMP‐PKA‐CREB signaling pathway, while taurine may in turn exert neuroprotection by diminishing these impacts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective function of taurine on pesticide‐induced permanent neurodevelopmental toxicity in juvenile rats

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2020

FASEB j.

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“…Neuronal Cell Culture, Phase Contrast Imaging Hippocampal neurons were dissected from B6 mice and cultured from newborn pups (postnatal day 2, P2) as described previously 87,88 . Brie y, hippocampal tissue was isolated and single cells were dissociated with papain (50 µg/mL).…”

Section: Measurements Of Gene and Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adropin expression correlates with age-related neuropathologies in the human brain and improves neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aging mice

Banerjee

Ghoshal

Girardet

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Adropin is most abundant in neural tissues yet its neurological functions are unclear. Data from post-mortem human brain tissue samples indicates adropin expression occurs predominantly in astrocytes, peaks during critical post-natal periods of brain development, and then declines with aging. Previous experiments indicate adropin regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Gene clusters correlating with adropin are age- and dementia-specific, possibly indicating survivor bias. In people aged <40y adropin correlates positively with genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, APOE and Clusterin. In the ‘old-old’ (>75y) with dementia, adropin expression correlates with genes linked to mitochondrial metabolism and neurodegenerative conditions. In the ‘old-old’ (>75y) without dementia, adropin correlates with genes involved in morphogenesis, growth of neuronal processes (dendrites, axons) and synapse function. Accordingly, adropin elicits neurotrophic responses in primary cultured neurons. Adropin expression also correlates positively with protein markers of tau-related neuropathologies and inflammation, particularly in people without dementia, indicating a link to cellular stressors. How variation in brain adropin expression affects neurological aging was investigated using C57BL/6J mice. In mice, adropin is more widely expressed in neurons, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Preventing the decline in expression observed with aging of mice using transgenesis improved cognitive function and resilience, while also reducing mRNA markers of inflammation in 18-month old mice. Treating 18-month old mice with adropin peptide also improved cognitive performance. These results link adropin expression to cellular energy metabolism and stress responses in the brain and indicates a possible relationship with aging-related cognitive decline.

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“…ImageJ was used to analyze phase contrast images of primary hippocampal cells. The ImageJ plugin NeuronJ was employed to measure neurite characteristics in phase contrast images of hippocampal neurons two or 14 days in culture in control (no adropin added) and adropin-(1, 10, and 100 nM) added culture as previously described 61,62,84,85 . NeuronJ was programmed to output total neurite outgrowth (µm) and the number of neuritic branches for day 2 cultures and the thickness of primary neurites in day 14 cultures.…”

Section: Neuronal Cell Culture Phase Contrast Imaging and Imagej Neurite Tracing Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adropin expression correlates with aging-related neuropathology in the human brain and improves neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aging mice

Banerjee

Ghoshal

Girardet

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neural functions of adropin, a secreted peptide highly expressed in the brain, have not been investigated. In humans, adropin is highly expressed in astrocytes and peaks during critical postnatal periods of brain development. Gene enrichment analysis of transcripts correlating with adropin expression suggests processes relevance to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases that vary with age and dementia state, possibly indicating survivor bias. In people aged <40y and ‘oldold’ (>75y) diagnosed with dementia, adropin correlates positively with genes involved in mitochondrial processes. In the ‘old-old’ without dementia adropin expression correlates positively with morphogenesis and synapse function. Potent neurotrophic responses in primary cultured neurons are consistent with adropin supporting the development and function of neural networks. Adropin expression in the ‘old-old’ also correlates positively with protein markers of tau-related neuropathologies and inflammation, particularly in those without dementia. How variation in brain adropin expression affects neurological aging was investigated using old (18- month) C57BL/6J mice. In mice adropin is expressed in neurons, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia and shows correlative relationships with groups of genes involved in neurodegeneration and cellular metabolism. Increasing adropin expression using transgenesis improved spatial learning and memory, novel object recognition, resilience to exposure to new environments, and reduced mRNA markers of inflammation in old mice. Treatment with synthetic adropin peptide also reversed age-related declines of cognitive functions and affected expression of genes involved in morphogenesis and cellular metabolism. Collectively, these results establish a link between adropin expression and neural energy metabolism and indicate a potential novel therapy against neurological aging.

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Taurine Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Synapse Development of Both Vertebrate and Invertebrate Central Neurons

Cited by 27 publications

References 72 publications

The protective function of taurine on pesticide‐induced permanent neurodevelopmental toxicity in juvenile rats

The protective function of taurine on pesticide‐induced permanent neurodevelopmental toxicity in juvenile rats

Adropin expression correlates with age-related neuropathologies in the human brain and improves neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aging mice

Adropin expression correlates with aging-related neuropathology in the human brain and improves neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aging mice

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