Taurine Stimulates Thermoregulatory Genes in Brown Fat Tissue and Muscle without an Influence on Inguinal White Fat Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model

Kim, Kyoung Soo; Doss, Hari Madhuri; Kim, Hee Jin; Yang, Hyung-In

doi:10.3390/foods9060688

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As this metabolite enhances energy expenditure (35), the finding goes in accordance with the larger fat depots in this group. Although taurine promotes thermogenesis in the BAT and muscle, it does not have the same effect in WAT (72), which was also not observed in the present study. In fact, taurine supplementation was shown to prevent obesity in female mice after 18 weeks of high-fat feeding (36).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Distinct impacts of fat and fructose on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue metabolome: An integrated view

Meneses

Sousa‐Lima²,

Jarak³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveIn the last years, changes in dietary habits have contributed to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The differential burden of lipids and fructose on distinct organs needs to be unveiled. Herein, we hypothesized that high-fat and high-fructose diets differentially affect the metabolome of insulin-sensitive organs such as the liver, muscle, and different adipose tissue depots.MethodsWe have studied the impact of 12 weeks of a control (11.50% calories from fat, 26.93% from protein, and 61.57% from carbohydrates), high-fat/sucrose (HFat), or high-fructose (HFruct) feeding on C57Bl/6J male mice. Besides glucose homeostasis, we analyzed the hepatic levels of glucose and lipid-metabolism-related genes and the metabolome of the liver, the muscle, and white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots.ResultsHFat diet led to a more profound impact on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism than HFruct, with mice presenting glucose intolerance, increased saturated fatty acids, and no glycogen pool, yet both HFat and HFruct presented hepatic insulin resistance. HFat diet promoted a decrease in glucose and lactate pools in the muscle and an increase in glutamate levels. While HFat had alterations in BAT metabolites that indicate increased thermogenesis, HFruct led to an increase in betaine, a protective metabolite against fructose-induced inflammation.ConclusionsOur data illustrate that HFat and HFruct have a negative but distinct impact on the metabolome of the liver, muscle, WAT, and BAT.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Distinct impacts of fat and fructose on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue metabolome: An integrated view

Meneses

Sousa‐Lima²,

Jarak³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Moreover, the levels of taurine in freeze-dried protein from cod, pangasius and chicken were 4.8, 2.6 and 0.6 mg/g ( Table 1 ). The recent notion that taurine may lead to increased energy expenditure and activation of UCP1 [ 10 ] prompted us to investigate the appearance of iBAT in mice fed cod, pangasius and chicken. The brown phenotype was, however, not apparent in any mice and large fat droplets were observed in all groups ( Figure 3 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is uncertain, however, whether WAT or BAT is involved. Kim et al reported that inclusion of 2% taurine in the drinking water increased expression of thermoregulatory genes in BAT, but not WAT [ 10 ], whereas Guo et al demonstrated that taurine supplementation induced browning of iWAT accompanied with significantly elevated expression of Ucp1 , Ppargc1a and other thermogenic genes [ 60 ]. Here, we did not observe an increased expression of neither Ucp1 nor Ppargc1a , in either BAT or WAT from cod-fed animals, but we cannot exclude the possibility that taurine contributes to the anti-obesogenic properties in the cod-fed mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seafood protein is considered to be of high quality in terms of essential amino acid content. Compared to terrestrial protein sources, meat from seafood is characterized by high levels of the non-protein amino acid taurine [ 8 ] that has been demonstrated to attenuate both genetic [ 9 ] and diet-induced [ 10 , 11 ] obesity and insulin resistance. In addition to taurine, fish protein is rich in glycine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

et al. 2020

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Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.

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“…Antioxidant [1,17,[52][53][54] Membrane stabilisation [55][56][57] Mitochondrial integrity maintenance [11,13,[58][59][60][61] Vitagene activation [1,[62][63][64][65] Bile acid conjugation [66][67][68][69][70] Ca homeostasis [13,[71][72][73] FA metabolism/oxidation [74][75][76] Energy metabolism [77][78][79] Osmoregulation [13,80,81] Thermoregulation [82][83][84] Detoxification [85][86][87] Neuroprotection [71,[88][89][90][91] Anti-inflammatory [11,[92]…”

Section: Recent Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine as a Natural Antioxidant: From Direct Antioxidant Effects to Protective Action in Various Toxicological Models

2021

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Natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention over the last 3 decades. At the same time, the attitude to free radicals is slowly changing, and their signalling role in adaptation to stress has recently received a lot of attention. Among many different antioxidants in the body, taurine (Tau), a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic β-amino acid, is shown to have a special place as an important natural modulator of the antioxidant defence networks. Indeed, Tau is synthesised in most mammals and birds, and the Tau requirement is met by both synthesis and food/feed supply. From the analysis of recent data, it could be concluded that the direct antioxidant effect of Tau due to scavenging free radicals is limited and could be expected only in a few mammalian/avian tissues (e.g., heart and eye) with comparatively high (>15–20 mM) Tau concentrations. The stabilising effects of Tau on mitochondria, a prime site of free radical formation, are characterised and deserve more attention. Tau deficiency has been shown to compromise the electron transport chain in mitochondria and significantly increase free radical production. It seems likely that by maintaining the optimal Tau status of mitochondria, it is possible to control free radical production. Tau’s antioxidant protective action is of great importance in various stress conditions in human life, and is related to commercial animal and poultry production. In various in vitro and in vivo toxicological models, Tau showed AO protective effects. The membrane-stabilizing effects, inhibiting effects on ROS-producing enzymes, as well as the indirect AO effects of Tau via redox balance maintenance associated with the modulation of various transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2 and NF-κB) and vitagenes could also contribute to its protective action in stress conditions, and thus deserve more attention.

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Taurine Stimulates Thermoregulatory Genes in Brown Fat Tissue and Muscle without an Influence on Inguinal White Fat Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Distinct impacts of fat and fructose on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue metabolome: An integrated view

Distinct impacts of fat and fructose on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue metabolome: An integrated view

The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

Taurine as a Natural Antioxidant: From Direct Antioxidant Effects to Protective Action in Various Toxicological Models

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