Summary. Ð This paper examines factors determining tax compliance behavior in local authorities in Tanzania. The case study is the poll taxÐlocally named``development levy.'' The study ®nds support for the hypothesis that tax compliance is positively related to factors such as ability to pay, the (perceived) probability of being prosecuted, and the number of tax evaders known personally by the respondent. Oppressive tax enforcement, harassment of taxpayers, and discontent with public service delivery seem to increase tax resistance and may explain widespread tax evasion. Ó