“…The savings derived from complex corporate tax avoidance can be substantial. 1 However, managers have incentives to limit income tax-related disclosures to avoid scrutiny from tax authorities, and recent research provides evidence that tax avoidance is associated with reduced transparency and reduced disclosure quality (Balakrishnan, Blouin, and Guay 2012;Hope, Ma, and Thomas 2013;Chen, Hepfer, Quinn, and Wilson 2016). Given the complexities of corporate tax laws and tax planning strategies, combined with opaque disclosures regarding corporate income taxes, it is not clear how individual investors view corporate tax avoidance.…”