Tax on Sugar Sweetened Beverages in Spain

Rubio, Vicente Ortún; López-Valcarcel, Beatríz González; Pinilla, Jaime

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3004464

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Several high-income countries took into consideration nutrition and reduced sugar intake towards the prevention of non-communicable oral and general health conditions. Official guidelines for limiting sugar consumption were implemented by raising taxes on sugar-containing products (e.g., Great Britain, Spain) [ 33 , 34 ]. This whole population-centered preventive strategy is consistent with the WHO sugar agenda, which also calls oral health practitioners to take action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

Vitosyte

Pūrienė

Stankevičienė

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral conditions may be determined by social, biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. The study assessed oral health status and its determinants associated with oral health conditions among adult residents in Vilnius, Lithuania. A total of 453 of 35–74-year-olds participated (response rate 63%). A self-reported questionnaire was administered. Dental caries experience (D3MFS score), periodontal probing depth (PPD), andnumber of missing teeth were assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, independent samples t-test, and multivariable linear regression. The mean (sd) of D3MFS scores was 67.3 (33.5), the mean (sd) number of teeth with PPD 4+ mm was 5.9 (5.3), prevalence of periodontitis was 33%, the mean (sd) number of missing teeth was 6.9 (6.8), and prevalence of total edentulism was 3.8%. Medication use was associated with all oral health conditions, while age was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth. Sugar-containing diet was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth, and smoking with caries experience and periodontal status. Systemic diseases were associated with periodontal status, while behavioral determinants, last dental visit, and use of fluoridated toothpaste were associated with missing teeth. Oral health status among adult Vilnius residents was poor. Oral conditions were associated with both biological and behavioral determinants. Oral health promotion should focus on modifying behavioral determinants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

Vitosyte

Pūrienė

Stankevičienė

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Instead, reformulation targets are often a response to (or in pre-emption of) government policy to reduce added sugar in the food supply (63,(68)(69)(70)74,78,80,83,100) . Six studies discussed reformulation of added-sugar products and the effect on the food supply, including NNS use (6,141,150,(258)(259)(260) . Popkin & Hawkes (6) discussed NNS as a potential replacement for sugar in processed food, and commented on the ambiguity of how to include these additives within future policy.…”

Section: Environmental Interventions Food Environment Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vandevijvere & Vanderlee (150) suggested that labelling policies effectively stimulated reformulation by the food industry, and that despite a paucity of evidence, similar incentives are produced by taxes. Ortún et al (141) speculated that policy actions to reduce added sugar, including taxes, encourage innovation by the food industry, including reformulation. Welsh et al (259) and Borges et al (260) reported an increased effort of beverage industries to market 'alternative beverages' (including NNS beverages) as healthier alternatives for consumers.…”

Section: Environmental Interventions Food Environment Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The drivers, trends and dietary impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: a narrative review

et al. 2020

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Poor diets, including excess added sugar consumption, contribute to the global burden of disease. Subsequently, many nutrition policies have been implemented to reduce added sugar intake and improve population health, including taxes, education, labelling and environmental interventions. A potential consequence of these policy actions is the substitution of added sugars with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in a variety of foods and beverages. NNS are used to reduce the energy and sugar content of foods and beverages while maintaining their palatability. Evidence of the toxicological risks of NNS is inconsistent, though concerns have been raised over the potential substitution effects of ultra-processed foods containing NNS for whole foods. This review aimed to provide an overview of current NNS food supply and consumption patterns, assess added sugar reduction policies and their impact on NNS, and determine the impact of NNS on food choice, energy intake and diet quality. NNS are widely available in a variety of products, though most commonly in carbonated beverages, dairy products, confectionary, table-top sweeteners, and fruit drinks. However, the longitudinal trends of different product categories, and differences between geographies and economy-income levels, require further study. Few studies have examined NNS consumption trends globally, though and increase in NNS consumption in the has been observed. Research examining how the increased availability of low-sugar, NNS containing products affects global dietary patterns is limited, particularly in terms of their potential substitution effects.

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“…In Poland, the current assessment conducted by the Market Research Centre shows that the decline of the sales of carbonated beverages reached 20%, with an increase in prices by an average of 36% [ 38 ]. Based on the literature, it is estimated that an increase in the price of SSBs by 10% results in a 10% decrease in their consumption [ 39 , 40 ], and in light of a recently published meta-analysis of 62 studies conducted worldwide, a tax on SSBs causes a 15% decrease in sales of these beverages [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Sweetened Beverages Tax on Their Reformulation in Poland—The Analysis of the Composition of Commercially Available Beverages before and after the Introduction of the Tax (2020 vs. 2021)

Wierzejska

2022

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to estimate changes in the composition of carbonated and non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages before and after the introduction of the beverage tax in Poland. Based on the labels of 198 drinks, the composition and nutritional values of the drinks were compared. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was applied to compare the differences in the sugar and juice content as well as energy value. After the introduction of the tax, the median sugar content in the carbonated beverages decreased from 8.6 g to 6.9 g/100 mL (p = 0.004), while in the non-carbonated beverages, it decreased from 5.5 g to 4.8 g/100 mL (p < 0.001). In the entire beverage group, there was a significant drop in the proportion of beverages that contained >5 g of sugars/100 mL (44.4% in 2021 vs. 70.2% in 2020). The median juice content in the carbonated beverages increased from 1.0% to 3.3% (p = 0.121), but totalled 20.0% for both periods in the non-carbonated beverages. The percentage of beverages with a tax-exempt composition (juice content ≥ 20% and sugar content ≤ 5 g/100 mL) almost tripled. After the introduction of the tax, beneficial changes in the compositions of 62% of the analysed beverages were observed in terms of their sugar and/or juice content.

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Tax on Sugar Sweetened Beverages in Spain

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

The drivers, trends and dietary impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: a narrative review

The Impact of the Sweetened Beverages Tax on Their Reformulation in Poland—The Analysis of the Composition of Commercially Available Beverages before and after the Introduction of the Tax (2020 vs. 2021)

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