Taxones superiores de hormigas como sustitutos de la riqueza de especies, en una cronosecuencia de bosques secundarios, bosque primario y sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonía Oriental, Brasil

Abstract

Taxones superiores de hormigas como sustitutos de la riqueza de especies, en una cronosecuencia de bosques secundarios, bosque primario y sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonía Oriental, Brasil Abstract: Ants' higher taxa as surrogates of species richness in a chronosequence of fallows, old-grown forests and agroforestry systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Deforestation in Amazon forests is one of the main causes for biodiversity loss worldwide. Ants are key into the ecosystem because act like engineers; hence, the loss of ants' biodiversity may be a guide to measure the loss of essential functions into the ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil ant's richness and to estimate whether higher taxa levels (Subfamily and Genus) can be used as surrogates of species richness in different vegetation types (fallows, old-growth forests and agroforestry systems) in Eastern Amazon. The samples were taken in 65 areas in the Maranhão and Pará States in the period 2011-2014. The sampling scheme followed the procedure of Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Initially, the vegetation types were characterized according to their age and estimated species richness. Linear and exponential functions were applied to evaluate if higher taxa can be used as surrogates and correlated with the Pearson coefficient. In total, 180 species distributed in 60 genera were identified. The results showed that ant species richness was higher in intermediate fallows (88) and old secondary forest (76), and was lower in agroforestry systems (38) and mature riparian forest (35). The genus level was the best surrogate to estimate the ant's species richness across the different vegetation types, and explained 72-97 % (P < 0.001) of the total species variability. The results confirmed that the genus level is an excellent surrogate to estimate the ant's species richness in the region and that both fallows and agroforestry systems may contribute in the conservation of Eastern Amazon ant community. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 279-291. Epub 2017 March 01.

Riqueza estacional y estructura de la comunidad de hormigas epígeas en fragmentos de bosque de sabanas inundables, Orinoquia Colombiana

“…En cuanto a la composición de especies se destacó la riqueza de la subfamilia Myrmicinae (53 especies), seguida de Ponerinae (15 especies) y Formicinae (13 especies). Esta composición es similar a otras localidades de la Orinoquia (Fernández & Schneider, 1989;Pérez-Sánchez, Lattke & Viloria, 2013;Sanabria et al, 2014) y es frecuente en ecosistemas del Neotrópico (Muñoz, Rousseau, Andrade-Silva, & Delabie, 2017;Vicente, Ferreira, Santos, & Prado, 2018) Respecto a la diversidad beta, el dendrograma de similitud generó dos grupos de acuerdo con la similitud en la riqueza de especies el primer grupo mostró las tres localidades que se encuentran más alejadas del centro urbano de la ciudad de Arauca que presentan riquezas entre 23 y 37 especies; mientras que el segundo grupo lo constituían cinco localidades que se encuentran más cerca del centro urbano de la ciudad de Arauca y tuvieron riquezas entre 23 y 32 especies. Este resultado sugiere que la proximidad al casco urbano podría influenciar la composición de la comunidad de hormigas.…”

“…Esta característica, conjugada con la fuerte estacionalidad, podría explicar su dominancia en el ambiente de sabana, puesto que durante la temporada seca estas especies tendrían una mayor eficiencia para explotar recursos alimenticios y de esta forma ser más comunes durante esta temporada Este comportamiento ha sido reportado en bosques primarios, secundarios y sistemas agroforestales en las regiones del Pantanal y la Amazonía brasileña (Muñoz et al, 2017;Soares et al, 2013). Este mecanismo que involucra la capacidad de especies generalistas de explotar recursos alimenticios durante la temporada seca, podría contribuir a explicar porque existen diferencias en la riqueza de especies entre el ambiente de sabana inundable y los ambientes de borde y bosque documentados en este trabajo.…”

An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil

“…Differently, from the 1980s until the beginning of the 21 st century, the main purpose of the expeditions was to carry out environmental impact assessment programs (Brandão et al, 2011). On the other hand, from the late 20 th century, with the hiring of researchers at universities in the state of Maranhão, several expeditions have been conducted focusing on ecological studies and reporting faunal inventories (Ramos et al, 2015;Gutiérrez et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2017).…”

“…References and their respective areas that have records of ants collected in the state of Maranhão. Behavioral Wheeler, 1922;Monnin et al, 2003;Silva, 2007;Pereira et al, 2014Ecological Brandão et al, 2011Ramos et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2017;Gutiérrez et al, 2017Forensic Andrade-Silva et al, 2015Pereira et al, 2017Genetics Wauters et al, 2018Inventory Dáttilo et al, 2012Occurrence Dáttilo et al, 2010Sanitary Carvalho et al, 2011Silva et al, 2012;Lima et al, 2013Taxonomic Forel, 1904Mann, 1916;Gonçalves, 1942Gonçalves, , 1947Borgmeier, 1955;Kempf, 1959Kempf, , 1960aKempf, , 1960bGonçalves, 1961;Kempf, 1964Kempf, , 1968Kempf, , 1971Kempf, , 1972aKempf, , 1972bKempf, , 1975Watkins, 1976;Ward, 1989;Brandão, 1991;De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999;Ward, 1999;Cuezzo, 2000;Longino & Snelling, 2002;Ward & Downie, 2005;Shoemaker et al, 2006;Wild & Cuezzo, 2006;Feitosa et al, 2007;…”

Accessing the subterranean ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in native and modified subtropical landscapes in the Neotropics

“…Despite the massive volume of material that has been sampled using the TSBF method, published information on the ecological dynamics of the ants collected using it is insufficient. This is a function of the fact that Pedobiology studies (which employ the TSBF method with high frequencies) traditionally identify the collected material at high taxonomic levels (like Order, Family and Genera) and therefore do not give information on community composition and species ecology (see: Lourente et al 2007, Klenk et al 2009, Correia 2010, Lima et al 2010, Rousseau et al 2010, Zagatto 2014, Benazzi et al 2013, Pereira et al 2012, Gutiérrez et al 2017.…”