“…Nevertheless, it is undeniable that their habitats and feeding resources are likely threatened due to overfishing, climate change (affecting the flood and drought seasonal cycles), and degradation pressures, whether through mining, deforestation, hydroelectric construction, and river damming, which regulate the river cycles and prevent the formation of sand beaches, directly affecting the breeding habitats of these birds (Gochfeld, 1979;Burger & Gochfeld, 1994, 1996Zusi, 1996;Antas et al, 2016;IUCN, 2018). All these factors are causes of concern and directly contribute to the observed population decline in many sites (Tyler, 2004;Gopi et al, 2006;Demey et al, 2007;Das, 2015;Dilawar & Sharma, 2016;IUCN, 2018;Gouvêa, 2018).…”