Taxonomic changes in tailed phages of enterobacteria

Ackermann, Hans-W.; DuBow, Michael S.; Gershman, M.; Karska-Wysocki, Barbara; Kasatiya, S. S.; Loessner, Martin J.; Mamet‐Bratley, Margaret D.; Regué, Miguel

doi:10.1007/s007050050167

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Based on its morphology, YeO3-12 belongs to the family Podoviridae (25) and to type C in Bradley's classification (12); furthermore, it resembles a typical member of the T7 group (H.-W. Ackermann, personal communication) (1). Other Y. enterocolitica phages characterized to date by electron microscopy have been of type A in Bradley's classification (22) or have been classified into the families Myoviridae or Podoviridae (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage φYeO3-12, Specific for Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3, Is Related to Coliphages T3 and T7

2000

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Bacteriophage YeO3-12 is a lytic phage of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. The phage receptor is the lipopolysaccharide O chain of this serotype that consists of the rare sugar 6-deoxy-L-altropyranose. A one-step growth curve of YeO3-12 revealed eclipse and latent periods of 15 and 25 min, respectively, with a burst size of about 120 PFU per infected cell. In electron microscopy YeO3-12 virions showed pentagonal outlines, indicating their icosahedral nature. The phage capsid was shown to be composed of at least 10 structural proteins, of which a protein of 43 kDa was predominant. N-terminal sequences of three structural proteins were determined, two of them showing strong homology to structural proteins of coliphages T3 and T7. The phage genome was found to consist of a double-stranded DNA molecule of 40 kb without cohesive ends. A physical map of the phage DNA was constructed using five restriction enzymes. The phage infection could be effectively neutralized using serum from a rabbit immunized with whole YeO3-12 particles. The antiserum also neutralized T3 infection, although not as efficiently as that of YeO3-12. YeO3-12 was found to share, in addition to the N-terminal sequence homology, several common features with T3, including morphology and nonsubjectibility to F exclusion. The evidence conclusively indicated that YeO3-12 is the first close relative of phage T3 to be described.Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative species which contains several serotypes, some of which are pathogenic to humans. The major pathogens in Europe, Canada, Japan, and South Africa belong to serotypes O:3 and O:9, and those in the United States belong to serotype O:8 (11). The main reservoir in nature for Y. enterocolitica is pigs (15), and human infections usually take place after ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs.A number of yersiniophages have been described, but only a few have been characterized by electron microscopy and to our knowledge none have been studied in detail. In our laboratory a number of Yersinia-specific bacteriophages have been isolated, all originating from the raw incoming sewage of the Turku City sewage treatment plant, and the phages have been used as genetic tools (32). One of the phages, YeO3-12, was isolated as specific to Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3. The phage could infect Escherichia coli C600 expressing the cloned O antigen of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 and spontaneous phage-resistant Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 strains were missing the O antigen, indicating that the O antigen is the phage receptor (4, 5). The serotype O:3 specificity makes the phage YeO3-12 a potential biotechnological tool, and therefore we have initiated its detailed characterization. Here we present the biological and physical properties of the phage and evidence suggesting that YeO3-12 is closely related to coliphages T3 and T7. MATERIALS AND METHODSCulture conditions. Bacterial strains, bacteriophages and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. Virulence plasmid-cured Y. enterocolitica serotyp...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage φYeO3-12, Specific for Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3, Is Related to Coliphages T3 and T7

2000

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“…EcP-45 and EcP-70 formed large (60-64 nm) and small (48-64 nm) aberrant heads accompanied by a longer rigid tail (124-272 ϫ 4.0 nm), respectively. These morphological characteristics of the phages were similar to those of SasL1 belonging to the family Siphoviridae (Ackermann et al 1997). Moreover, EcP-22 formed large heads (88-98 nm) accompanied by longer tails (100-106 nm) with flat collars (30-33 nm).…”

Section: Isolation Of Virulent Bacteriophages and Their Infectivitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…EcP-55 also formed large heads (80-85 nm) accompanied by longer tails (100-106 nm); flat collars were not detectable in EcP-55. Both phages were similar to those of 121 and MM coliphages belonging to the family Myoviridae (Ackermann et al 1997). A base plate and some tail pins were detectable in EcP-35, -22, and -55, but tail fiber assemblies were either absent or lacked sufficient structural integrity to be detected.…”

Section: Isolation Of Virulent Bacteriophages and Their Infectivitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…1). Of these phages, EcP-35 had an icosahedron-like isometric head (diameter 40-44 nm) and short tail (1.8-2.0 ϫ 4.0-4.2 nm), similar to those of the family Podoviridae, which contains some coliphages such as T3 and T7 (Ackermann et al 1997). EcP-45 and EcP-70 formed large (60-64 nm) and small (48-64 nm) aberrant heads accompanied by a longer rigid tail (124-272 ϫ 4.0 nm), respectively.…”

Section: Isolation Of Virulent Bacteriophages and Their Infectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid detection of chitosanase activity in chitosanase gene-transformed strains of Enterobacter cloacae by lytic infection of specific bacteriophages

Takikawa

Ishii

Matsuda

et al. 2003

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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In combination with lytic infection by virulent phages, a simple method for monitoring transgenic strains of Enterobacter cloacae was developed in this study. First, 15 strains of E. cloacae were used as indicator bacteria to isolate virulent phages with different host ranges. Of the phages isolated, five isolates were used to construct a set of virulent phages corresponding to all strains of E. cloacae. Using this phage set, a rhizosphere strain (KRM-055E) of E. cloacae was effectively screened from field soil. KRM-055E was transformed with a prokaryotic chitosanase gene csnSM1 and infected with the phage EcP-03, which can lyse the strain most effectively. The lysis of KRM-055E/csn occurred 2 h after inoculation, and the chitosanase activity was simply detected by dropping the lysate onto an agar plate containing glycol chitosan. The positive signal for chitosanase activity was detected in the 2-h lysates, and the signal intensity reached a maximum in the 5-h lysate. The present assay was simple, rapid, inexpensive, easy to perform, and applicable to another strains.

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“…Phage P2 is no exception to this rule. P2 is a temperate phage belonging to Myoviridae, a family of morphologically coherent dsDNA phages (Ackermann et al, 1992(Ackermann et al, , 1997. It is related at the nucleotide level to phages 186 and ⌽CTX (Nakayama et al, 1999;Portelli et al, 1998), but it has some unique genes not present in the other two and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Homologous Recombination among Bacteriophage P2 Relatives

Nilsson

Haggård‐Ljungquist

2001

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Taxonomic changes in tailed phages of enterobacteria

Abstract: Out of 136 new phages, 80 (59%) are classified into 23 species according to morphology and physicochemical properties. Six new species are described and species beta 4, from a previous classification scheme, is renamed T1. The morphology of 36 phage species is schematically represented.

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Bacteriophage φYeO3-12, Specific for Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3, Is Related to Coliphages T3 and T7

Bacteriophage φYeO3-12, Specific for Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3, Is Related to Coliphages T3 and T7

Rapid detection of chitosanase activity in chitosanase gene-transformed strains of Enterobacter cloacae by lytic infection of specific bacteriophages

Detection of Homologous Recombination among Bacteriophage P2 Relatives

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