Taxonomic Diversity during the Phanerozoic

Raup, David M.

doi:10.1126/science.177.4054.1065

Cited by 531 publications

(489 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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475

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“…Here I examine the hypothesis that during the Phanerozoic there has also been a progressive vacating of certain adaptive types. This hypothesis is consistent with current information on the evolution of complex adaptations (Frazetta, 1975), the fossil record for higher taxonomic categories (Raup, 1972), and the distribution of certain traits in existing organisms.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

“…There is an extensive fossil record for marine sponges, molluscs, brachiopods, ectoprocts, echinoderms, arthropods, and vertebrates. Few, if any, classes of marine forms appear after the Devonian, and the diversity of classes was higher in the Paleozoic than it has been since (Raup, 1972). Since divisions at the class level represent greater differences in body plans than differences at lower taxonomic levels, diversity of body plans has decreased since the Paleozoic.…”

Section: Decrease In Diversity Of Classes and Phylamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progressive Vacating of Adaptive Types During the Phanerozoic

Strathmann

1978

Evolution

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Decrease In Diversity Of Classes and Phylamentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Vacating of Adaptive Types During the Phanerozoic

Strathmann

1978

Evolution

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“…Lond. B (2002) possible that our view of Hawaiian lineages is skewed by the limitation of our knowledge to those that have existed more recently, thus subjecting us to the 'pull of the recent' (Raup 1972). However, the fact that large radiations have been the preferred subjects of phylogenetic studies augments the significance of the apparent lack of old lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How old is the Hawaiian biota? Geology and phylogeny suggest recent divergence

Price

Clague

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

290

358

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This study quantifies long-term landscape changes in the Hawaiian archipelago relating to dispersal, speciation and extinction. Accounting for volcano growth, subsidence and erosion, we modelled the elevations of islands at time intervals of 0.5 Myr for the last 32 Myr; we also assessed the variation in the spacing of volcanoes during this period. The size, spacing and total number of volcanic islands have varied greatly over time, with the current landscape of large, closely spaced islands preceded by a period with smaller, more distantly spaced islands. Considering associated changes in rates of dispersal and speciation, much of the present species pool is probably the result of recent colonization from outside the archipelago and divergence within contemporary islands, with limited dispersal from older islands. This view is in accordance with abundant phylogenetic studies of Hawaiian organisms that estimate the timing of colonization and divergence within the archipelago. Twelve out of 15 multi-species lineages have diverged within the lifetime of the current high islands (last 5 Myr). Three of these, and an additional seven (mostly singlespecies) lineages, have colonized the archipelago within this period. The timing of colonization of other lineages remains uncertain.

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“…This is especially true in the fossil record where patterns of global diversity often reflect patterns of fossiliferous rock availability (Raup 1972;Peters & Foote 2001;Smith 2001;Smith & McGowan 2005). In this study, we use an alternative approach by sampling individual fossil communities (Alroy et al 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time

2008

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The end-Permian mass extinction, 251 million years (Myr) ago, was the most devastating ecological event of all time, and it was exacerbated by two earlier events at the beginning and end of the Guadalupian, 270 and 260 Myr ago. Ecosystems were destroyed worldwide, communities were restructured and organisms were left struggling to recover. Disaster taxa, such as Lystrosaurus, insinuated themselves into almost every corner of the sparsely populated landscape in the earliest Triassic, and a quick taxonomic recovery apparently occurred on a global scale. However, close study of ecosystem evolution shows that true ecological recovery was slower. After the end-Guadalupian event, faunas began rebuilding complex trophic structures and refilling guilds, but were hit again by the end-Permian event. Taxonomic diversity at the alpha (community) level did not recover to pre-extinction levels; it reached only a low plateau after each pulse and continued low into the Late Triassic. Our data showed that though there was an initial rise in cosmopolitanism after the extinction pulses, large drops subsequently occurred and, counter-intuitively, a surprisingly low level of cosmopolitanism was sustained through the Early and Middle Triassic.

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Taxonomic Diversity during the Phanerozoic

Cited by 531 publications

References 5 publications

Progressive Vacating of Adaptive Types During the Phanerozoic

Progressive Vacating of Adaptive Types During the Phanerozoic

How old is the Hawaiian biota? Geology and phylogeny suggest recent divergence

Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time

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