Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bat diversity decrease from more to less complex natural habitats in the Amazon

Carvalho, William Douglas de; Mustin, Karen; Farneda, Fábio Z.; Castro, Isaí Jorge de; Hilário, Renato R.; Martins, Ana Carolina Moreira; Miguel, João D.; Xavier, Bruna da Silva; Toledo, José Júlio de

doi:10.1007/s00442-021-05009-3

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Edwards et al., 2017; Frishkoff et al., 2014; Mestre et al., 2020; Palmeirim et al., 2021), including Neotropical bats (e.g. Carvalho et al., 2021; Frank et al., 2017). In our study, the marked increase in phylogenetic richness in secondary forest echoes the taxonomic and functional recovery of bat assemblages at the BDFFP (Farneda et al., 2018a, 2018b; Rocha et al., 2018), emphasizing the crucial importance of late‐stage secondary forests (>30 years of regeneration) as repositories of species diversity, ecological functions and evolutionary history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests

Farneda

Rocha

Aninta

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Throughout the tropics, regenerating secondary forests occupy vast areas previously cleared for agriculture and cattle ranching. However, despite the importance of regenerating forests in mitigating the pervasive negative consequences of forest loss and fragmentation on forest‐associated biodiversity, longitudinal studies on species' phylogenetic responses to matrix regeneration are rare. We surveyed bats in continuous primary forest, primary forest fragments and in the regenerating secondary forest matrix of a whole‐ecosystem Amazonian fragmentation experiment, ~15 and ~30 years after forest clearance, to investigate how changes in matrix quality through forest recovery affect phylogenetic α‐ and β‐diversity. We found that temporal changes in phylogenetic α‐richness were more marked in the secondary forest matrix than in forest fragments and continuous forest, evidencing a significant increase in total evolutionary history over time. However, when the effects of species richness were accounted for, the phylogenetic structure of each assemblage was reduced close to zero, evincing a random pattern of lineages in all habitat types. Temporal differences in phylogenetic β‐diversity were driven mainly by βreplacement in secondary forest and continuous forest ~30 years after forest clearance. Both habitats also clustered together in terms of βrichness, indicating similar levels of evolutionary heritage. Consequently, regenerating secondary forest showed a reduction in the extinction probability of lineages over time. Synthesis and applications. Approximately 30 years of secondary forest regeneration were sufficient for phylogenetic richness to recover to levels similar to those observed in continuous forest. Promoting forest succession on degraded land through a combination of natural and active restoration, while ensuring the long‐term protection of secondary forests regardless of their age, is of key importance for conserving tropical bat diversity and their associated ecosystem services. Such restoration measures would stimulate the recolonization of fragments and matrix habitats by evolutionarily distinct bat species, safeguarding phylogenetically diverse assemblages and ecological functions. Our study suggests that forest restoration in tropical degraded areas should be encouraged and secondary forests be protected by law, especially in countryside ecosystems with high primary forest cover, and in the surroundings of protected areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests

Farneda

Rocha

Aninta

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Barriers that impede movement at longer timescales cause higher effects on the phylogenetic β-diversity, thus generating more contrasting assemblages. Such analytic approaches are still uncommon in biogeographic analysis in Amazonia (e.g., Fluck et al, 2020;Carvalho et al, 2021). Most studies so far have focused only on the taxonomic component of β-diversity, without considering the phylogenetic component or the partitioning of β-diversity (e.g., Ayres and Clutton-Brock, 1992;Dambros et al, 2017Dambros et al, , 2020Fordham et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtering Effect of Large Rivers on Primate Distribution in the Brazilian Amazonia

et al. 2022

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Over a century after Wallace’s proposition of the riverine barrier hypothesis, the role of rivers in the diversification of species remains a matter of interest in Amazon biogeography. Amazonian rivers, in particular those large and fast flowing rivers, are widely recognized to act as barriers to the dispersal of some organisms. However, the extent to which primate species changes across interfluves (β-diversity) in response to river features remains to be explicitly tested. In this study, we examine how river characteristics affect the variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity to elucidate the ecological processes behind the differences in primate assemblages between neighboring interfluves in the Brazilian Amazonia. We compiled International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) distribution maps of 80 river-bounded primate species in 10 interfluves separated by major rivers throughout the Brazilian Amazonia. We assessed both the taxonomic (disregarding phylogenetic relationships between species) and phylogenetic β-diversities. We applied multiple linear models to evaluate whether annual discharge, sinuosity, and reflectance (as a proxy for amount of sediments) in each river or river section that separates neighboring interfluves make rivers effective barriers to primates. We found that mean discharge has a positive effect, while both sinuosity and amount of sediments have negative effects on primate β-diversity. These variables have significant effects on total taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity between neighboring interfluves, and their species turnover components. River features, however, have no effect on species richness differences. Genera are capable of traversing almost all interfluves, but species are replaced by others in opposite interfluves. Discharge affected both small- and large-sized primate total β-diversity, but sinuosity only affected large-sized primate assemblages in neighboring interfluves. Our results indicate that although Amazonian rivers act as barriers for many primate species, this barrier effect seems limited to the short/medium time scales, as primate lineages are able to cross them over long-time scales.

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“…fallen logs and canopy cover). In the Amazonian habitat, FβD and PβD of bat communities were highest between continuous forest and campinarana , two highly contrasting environments, and these patterns in β-diversity were associated with functional richness and lineage richness differences, respectively [22]. An study with bird and ant assemblages, in Atlantic Forest and Pampas Grassland showed that land uses and biomes seems to promote assemblage differentiation in traits and lineages that occurred in anthropogenic habitats, further in this landscape both animal groups were similarly sensitive to changing in vegetation structure [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional and phylogenetic β-diversity have been relatively less investigated on fragmented landscapes when compared to traditional taxonomic metrics [19], but despite less used, some studies show that a decrease in such dimensions of β-diversity was associated with land use intensification [20,21]. On the other hand, in a gradient of habitat complexity, the increase of all dimensions of β-diversity can be driven by β-replacement (TβD and FβD) or β-richness (PβD) [22]. So, ecological drives of biodiversity can differ among different biotas, scales and diversity facets [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity variation of Neotropical small mammals in a highly fragmented landscape

Hannibal

Cunha

2022

Preprint

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Diversity can be partitioned in several components and dimensions that are affected in different ways by habitat loss and fragmentation. However, these partitions and dimensions are rarely investigated on human-modified landscapes. In this study, we investigated different partitions (Hill numbers) and dimensions (taxonomic [TβD], functional [FβD] and phylogenetic [PβD]) of small mammal β-diversity in a fragmented landscape of central Brazil using a multi-scale approach. TβD was estimated considering rare, common and abundant species. Tolerance to disturbed habitat, assessed via the traits “habitat use”, “tail length” and “use of vertical strata”, and trophic guild, defined by the “diet”, were used to estimate FβD. PβD was based on phylogenetic relatedness of the sampled species. The association between different partitions and dimensions of β-diversity with habitat and landscape attributes were investigated using Mantel tests. We found a significant positive effect of geographical distance on all partitions and dimensions of β-diversity. NDVI was the second most important variable affecting abundance based TβD, and all phylogenetic and functional β-diversity dimensions. Habitat characteristics, such as fallen logs and canopy cover were positively associated with all β-diversity dimensions. Our findings support the hypothesis that even in a highly modified landscape, small mammal’s β-diversity is determined by different environmental factors and spatial disposition of forest patches. However, the relatively higher importance of space appears to be related to dispersal limitation of this group.

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Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bat diversity decrease from more to less complex natural habitats in the Amazon

Cited by 30 publications

References 75 publications

Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests

Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests

Filtering Effect of Large Rivers on Primate Distribution in the Brazilian Amazonia

Exploring patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity variation of Neotropical small mammals in a highly fragmented landscape

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