Taxonomic heterogeneity, as shown by siderotyping, of strains primarily identified as Pseudomonas putida

Abstract

One hundred and forty-four fluorescent pseudomonad strains isolated from various environments (soil, water, plant rhizosphere, hospital) and received as Pseudomonas putida (83 strains), P. putida biovar A (49 strains), P. putida biovar B (10 strains) and P. putida biovar C (2 strains), were analysed by the pyoverdine-isoelectrofocusing and pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake methods of siderotyping. Both methods demonstrated a great diversity among these strains, which could be subdivided into 35 siderovars. Some siderovars specifically included strains that have subsequently been transferred to well-defined Pseudomonas species, e.g. Pseudomonas monteilii or Pseudomonas mosselii, or which could be related by their siderotype to Pseudomonas jessenii or Pseudomonas mandelii. Other siderovars included strains sharing a high level of DNA-DNA relatedness (.70 %), thus demonstrating that siderotyping could easily circumscribe strains at the species level. However, a group of seven strains, including the type strain, P. putida ATCC 12633 T , were allocated into four siderovars, despite sharing DNA-DNA relatedness values of higher than 70 %. Interestingly, the strong genomic relationships between these seven strains were supported by the structural relationships among their pyoverdines, thus reflecting their phylogenetic affinities. These results strongly support the view that pyoverdine-based siderotyping could be used as a powerful tool in Pseudomonas taxonomy.

Pyoverdine synthesis by the Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas putida GB-1

“…364 (pH 5), 380 (pH 6), and 400–405 nm (pH 7.5–8). Isoelectric focusing and biological uptake of 59 Fe-PVD standards were as previously described (Fuchs et al, 2001; Meyer et al, 2007), with PVD standards from: Pseudomonas putida CFML 90-44, Pseudomonas sp. G76, Pseudomonas sp.…”

“…eClinical specimen or from associated medical environment, Collection de la Faculté de Médecine de Lille, France (Meyer et al, 2007); freshwater pipe encrusted with MnO 2 , Germany (Schweisfurth, 1973); freshwater sediment, Green Bay of Lake Michigan, USA (Francis and Tebo, 2001); laboratory variant selected by Brandy Toner in the Garrison Sposito laboratory, University of California Berkeley, USA; marine fjord, oxic-anoxic interface, Saanich Inlet, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada (Emerson et al, 1982; Francis and Tebo, 2001; Romanenko et al, 2008); Metallogenium particles from Horsetooth Reservoir, Fort Collins, CO, USA (Francis and Tebo, 2001); pulpmill effluent, Grande Prairie, AB, Canada (Francis and Tebo, 2001); radiowaste leachate, low-level radioactive waste leachate, Brookhaven Natl. Lab., USA (Francis and Dodge, 1998); sediment, mine drainage, Pinal Creek, Globe, AZ, USA, downstream from a Cu mine (Fuller and Harvey, 2000; Francis and Tebo, 2001); soil, toluate deg, soil enrichment for degradation of toluate, Osaka, Japan (Nakazawa, 2002; Regenhardt et al, 2002).…”

Structural dependence of Mn complexation by siderophores: Donor group dependence on complex stability and reactivity

“…1) is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692) and contains two hydroxamates and one catecholate moiety (Albrecht-Gary et al, 1994). Pyoverdin CFML90-51 (PVD 90-51 ) contains a hydroxamate, catecholate, and ahydroxycarboxylate moiety, and is produced by certain strains of P. putida (Sultana et al, 2000;Boukhalfa et al, 2006;Meyer et al, 2007). The siderophore PVD GB-1 is structurally identical to PVD 90-51 .…”

Genetic and functional heterogeneities among fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from environmental samples

“…Most techniques employed portrayed P. putida as heterogeneous species (Meyer et al, 2007), producing diverse profi les and dispersed clustering. Hence, the isolates identifi ed on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequencing as P. putida based on Blast utility were spread throughout the BOX-PCR and ARDRA dendrograms, confi rming the weak cohesion within this species.…”

“…in future into several different species (Regenhardt et al, 2002). Meyer et al, 2007 analyzed the diversity of 144 strains assigned to the P. putida species through siderotyping, showing a great diversity among these strains that could be subdivided into 35 siderovars and proposing a novel Pseudomonas species.…”