Taxonomic implications of foliar epidermal characteristics in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae)

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The present study is insights into foliar epidermal anatomy for characterizing clades, and their utility in taxonomic segregation of certain species of Pteridaceae from Northern Pakistan. The leaf epidermal anatomy of 10 species of Pteridaceae representing four genera were examined using light and scanning electron microscope. A micromorphological matrix was constructed for eight qualitative and 12 quantitative characters. unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means and principal components analysis statistical analysis were performed to test the validity of foliar epidermal anatomical features as method of separating species and genera, and phylogenetic clusters among species are constructed using qualitative and quantitative traits. The qualitative characters described here are shape of epidermal cells, stomata, guard cell and subsidiary cells, anticlinal wall pattern, and trichomes types which is helpful in defining groups within Pteridaceae. In addition, the size of stomata, guard cells, subsidiary cells, stomatal pore epidermal cells, and trichomes are quantitatively analyzed. All species have hypostomatic leaves. Two types of stomata were observed in studied species, anomocytic and polocytic. Anomocytic stomata were observed in three genera namely: Adiantum, Onychium, and Chielanthes whereas Pteris can be discriminated from other genera by its polocytic stomata. On the basis of multivariate analysis present study does provides sufficient information on the taxonomic importance of foliar anatomy which validate its efficacy in species and genera discrimination. From result obtained here it is further possible to use leaf micromorphologic data in ferns phylogeny and providing basis for future taxonomic delimitation in other taxa.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf epidermal micromorphology and its implications in systematics of certain taxa of the fern family Pteridaceae from Northern Pakistan

Shah

Çelik

Ahmad

et al. 2018

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“…Pollen grains were studied under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the techniques of Ullah, Zafar, Amhad, Sultana, et al (); Butt et al (); Ullah, Zafar, Ahmad, Dilbar, et al (); Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi and Zaman, (). SEM was used for the detailed study of pollen morphology of the genus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very little work has been done on the anatomy and palynology of the genus yet. Morphological, anatomical and palynological characters are significant in the identification and species delimitation of Caryophyllaceae (Ataslar, ; Perveen & Qaiser, ; Ullah et al, ; Ullah et al, ). The anatomical characters are not changeable with environmental changes and mostly uniform (Sahreen, Khan, Khan, & Khan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using multiple microscopic techniques for the comparative systematic of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Ullah

Zaman

Papini

et al. 2018

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In this study, comparative morphology, foliar anatomy and palynology of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae) were studied using multiple microscopic techniques. Genus Spergula includes worldwide five species, while in Flora of Pakistan the genus has two species. In this research, the comparative morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters of the two Pakistani Spergula species were studied. We examined some distinguishing morphological features, in both species, such as plant size, habitat, leaf morphological characters, inflorescences, flowers outer whorls, sepals and petals, and flowers number. These characters species were studied analyzing their comparative systematic significant. The foliar anatomical features also provided distinctive characters as the epidermal cell shape, the wall of the epidermal cell, lobes per cell. The differences in quantitative characters were also examined. The palynological characters showed difference in echini arrangement, echini density, and numbers of pore. Quantitative characters were variations in size of polar, equatorial, exine thickness, pore length, and width and P/E ratio. The multiple microscopic techniques provided sufficient evidence about the systematics of the genus Spergula. Based on morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, analytical keys were developed for the identification and distinction of the species S. fallax and S. arvensis.

“…SEM has proven to be invaluable for observations of the surface morphology of plant materials, primarily due to the increased depth of field and high resolution, which are unobtainable by LM. This tool along with LM allows the use of more micromorphological data in taxonomic, biological, and morphogenetic studies of many fern families and species (David, Ain, Ahmad, Zaman, & Jahan, ; Shah et al, ; Shah, Ahmad, Zafar, Malik, et al, , Shah, Ahmad, Zafar, Razzaq, et al, ; Shah, Çelik, et al, ; Zaman et al, ), as well as other plants groups (Attar, Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi, Mirtadzadini, Ullah, & Zaman, ; Bahadur et al, ; Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi & Zaman, ; Gul et al, ; Kandemir, Çelik, Ullah, Shah, & Zaman, ; Rashid, Zafar, Ahmad, Khan, et al, ; Rashid, Zafar, Ahmad, Malik, et al, ; Saqib et al, ; Ullah et al, ; Ullah, Papini, et al, ; Ullah, Zafar, Ahmad, Dilbar, et al, ; Ullah, Zafar, Ahmad, Shah, et al, ; Ullah, Zafar, Amhad, Sultana, et al, ; Ullah, Zaman, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae from Northern Pakistan

Shah

Ahmad

Zafar

et al. 2019

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Spore morphology of Thelypteridaceae species growing in Malakand Division, Northern Pakistan, was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The taxa are Christella dentata and Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae, and Phegopteris connectilis, Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis, and Pseudophegopteris levingei in the subfamily Phegopteridoideae. The studied species exhibit differences in spore size, exospore thickness, color, and ornamentation. Spores of the studied species are monolete and medium‐sized, and shape is ellipsoidal in both polar and equatorial views. The average measurement of the polar diameter ranges from 27 μm to 31 μm, whereas in the equatorial direction it varied from 20 μm to 40 μm. The exospore thickness ranges from 1.2 μm to 2.4 μm. Reticulate, laevigate with microgranules, cristate, and coarsely echinate surface ornamentation are observed among the species. Multivariate analysis including unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis was used for the grouping and discrimination of species and genera.