“…Among the top matches for the Dasyatidae samples (homology ≥ 98%) were D. pastinaca, D. tortonesei, D. marmorata, and Taeniura grabata. In the past, the taxonomic status of D. pastinaca and D. tortonesei has been questioned (Tortonèse, 1987;Compagno, 1999b;Serena, 2005), although more recent studies suggest that they are two distinct species (Saadaoui et al, 2016;Vella & Vella, 2021). Among elasmobranchs, difficulties in species identification are occasionally reported with the COI gene, which is partially attributed to the low levels of genetic variation among species (Lopez, Ryburn, Fedrigo, & Naylor, 2006;Veríssimo, Zaera-Perez, & Leslie, 2017;Almerón-Souza et al, 2018).…”