Taxonomic Positions and Secondary Metabolite-Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Akazaoxime- and Levantilide-Producers

Komaki, Hisayuki; Tamura, Tomohiko; Igarashi, Yasuhiro

doi:10.3390/life13020542

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The synthetic counterparts of akazaoxime antibacterial performance were tested against the human pathogen Trichophyton rubrum and the plant pathogen Glomerella cingulate, and the reported MIC values laid within the range of 25-50 µg/mL [200,201]. Interestingly, Micromonospora marina is able to produce a rare 15-membered ring diterpene alcohol called micromonocyclol due to the presence of a unique terpene synthase [202,203]. Table 4 summarizes the chemical formula, structure, and mechanisms of Micromonospora sp.…”

Section: Antifouling Agents From Micromonospora Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents

Morgan,

Ali,

Alshahrani

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Biofouling is the assemblage of undesirable biological materials and macro-organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) on submerged surfaces, which has unfavorable impacts on the economy and maritime environments. Recently, research efforts have focused on isolating natural, eco-friendly antifouling agents to counteract the toxicities of synthetic antifouling agents. Marine actinomycetes produce a multitude of active metabolites, some of which acquire antifouling properties. These antifouling compounds have chemical structures that fall under the terpenoids, polyketides, furanones, and alkaloids chemical groups. These compounds demonstrate eminent antimicrobial vigor associated with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potentialities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. They have also constrained larval settlements and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, suggesting a strong anti-macrofouling activity. Despite their promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, scaled-up production of natural antifouling agents retrieved from marine actinomycetes remains inapplicable and challenging. This might be attributed to their relatively low yield, the unreliability of in vitro tests, and the need for optimization before scaled-up manufacturing. This review will focus on some of the most recent marine actinomycete-derived antifouling agents, featuring their biological activities and chemical varieties after providing a quick overview of the disadvantages of fouling and commercially available synthetic antifouling agents. It will also offer different prospects of optimizations and analysis to scale up their industrial manufacturing for potential usage as antifouling coatings and antimicrobial and therapeutic agents.

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