Taxonomic review of immature dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Edmonds, W. D.; Halffter, Gonzalo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1978.tb00002.x

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most recently, Philips et al (2004) produced a comprehensive phylogeny based on 50 genera and 250 characters. Larvae have also been studied for phylogenetic potential (Edmonds & Halffter 1978). They concluded, however, that it was currently impossible to establish coherent suprageneric larval groupings.…”

Section: Phylogeny and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…anus transverse; (25.) venter of last abdominal segment with one or more distinct rows and/or patches of short setae (raster); raster rarely absent (Edmonds & Halffter 1978).…”

Section: Phylogeny and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edmonds & Halffter (1978) list 25 larval morphological characters shared by all or the vast majority of Scarabaeinae: (1.) diameters of abdominal segments III-V abruptly larger than those of anterior body segments (body appears strongly extended dorsally, "humped"); (2.)…”

Section: Phylogeny and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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13. Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802

Scholtz¹,

Grebennikov²

2005

Band 4: Arthropoda, 2. Hälfte: Insecta, Coleoptera, Beetles, Teilband/Part 38, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostema

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Section: Phylogeny and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…anus transverse; (25.) venter of last abdominal segment with one or more distinct rows and/or patches of short setae (raster); raster rarely absent (Edmonds & Halffter 1978).…”

Section: Phylogeny and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

13. Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802

Scholtz¹,

Grebennikov²

2005

Band 4: Arthropoda, 2. Hälfte: Insecta, Coleoptera, Beetles, Teilband/Part 38, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostema

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“…Second, the pupal stages of many scarabs have thoracic 'horns', and these are often present in individuals (eg females) or species that lack this horn as adults. Pupal 'horns' may serve a current function as support structures protecting animals during the vulnerable metamorphic molt (Main, 1922;Halffter and Matthews, 1966;Edmonds and Hallfter, 1978), but they may also represent developmental carry-overs from a Figure 6 Partial phylogeny for the families and subfamilies of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) illustrating lineages with head or pronotal (thorax) horns (approximate no. species in parentheses).…”

Section: Mystery Of the Scarabs Resolved?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin signaling and limb-patterning: candidate pathways for the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle ‘horns’

et al. 2006

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Beetle 'horns' are rigid outgrowths of the insect cuticle used as weapons in contests for access to mates. Relative to their body size, beetle horns can be enormous. They protrude from any of five different regions of the head or thorax; they are curved, straight, branched or bladed; and their development is often coupled with the nutrient environment (male dimorphism) or with sex (sexual dimorphism). Here, we show that this extraordinary diversity of horns can be distilled down to four trajectories of morphological change -horn location, shape, allometry and dimorphism -and we illustrate how the developmental mechanisms regulating horn growth could generate each of these types of horn evolution. Specifically, we review two developmental pathways known to regulate growth of morphological structures in Drosophila and other insects: a limb-patterning pathway that specifies the location and shape of a structure, and the insulin pathway, which modulates trait growth in response to larval nutrition. We summarize preliminary evidence indicating that these pathways are associated with the development of beetle horns, and we show how subtle changes in the relative activities of these two pathways would be sufficient to generate most of the extant diversity of horn forms. Our objective is to intuitively connect genotype with phenotype, and to advocate an informed 'candidate gene' approach to studies of the developmental basis of evolution. We end by using this insight from development to offer a solution to the longstanding mystery of the scarabs: the observation by Darwin, Lameere, Arrow and others that this one family of beetles appeared to have a 'special tendency' towards the evolution of horns.

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“…Studies of larvae suggested that larval mophology could be very useful in the systematic analysis of the Scarabaeoidea (Ritcher, 1966;Edmonds & Halffter, 1978;Verdu et al, 1998) In this study, we describe the third larval instar of Ani soplia (Anisoplia) baetica Erichson, 1847, Anisoplia (Anisoplia) depressa Erichson, 1847, Anisoplia (Anisop lia) remota Reitter, 1889 and Anthoplia floricola (F., 1787). These species are included in a revised key to the larvae of Anisopliini.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval morphology of some Anisopliini grain beetles with a key to their larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Rutelidae: Anomalinae)

Micó¹,

Verdú²,

Galante³

2001

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The third instar larvae of three Anisoplia species, Anisoplia baetica Erichson, 1847, Anisoplia depressa Erichson, 1847 and Anisoplia remota Reitter, 1889 are described and illustrated to show the diagnostic characters of the species. The third instar larva of the monospecific genus Anthoplia, represented by Anthoplia floricola (F., 1787) is also described and illustrated. These four species are included in a revised key to the larvae of Anisopliini, which now includes four genera, and ten species. The taxonomic status of Anthoplia based on the larval morphology, is discussed.

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Taxonomic review of immature dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

13. Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802

13. Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802

Insulin signaling and limb-patterning: candidate pathways for the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle ‘horns’

Larval morphology of some Anisopliini grain beetles with a key to their larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Rutelidae: Anomalinae)

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