Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Stöhr, Sabine; Boissin, Émilie; Hoareau, Thierry B.

doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.68

Cited by 797 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Several of the new SSH are morphologically distinguishable, but previous studies have either overlooked these differences, or attributed them to intraspecific variability. Among ophiocomids, which include some of the largest and most studied brittle stars, notable recently described species include Ophiocoma cynthiae (Benavides‐Serrato & O′Hara, ) and Ophiocoma krohi (Boissin, Hoareau, Paulay & Bruggemann, ; Stöhr, Boissin, & Hoareau, ), both widespread and common species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among ophiocomids, which include some of the largest and most studied brittle stars, notable recently described species include Ophiocoma cynthiae (Benavides-Serrato & O′Hara, 2008) and Ophiocoma krohi (Boissin, Hoareau, Paulay & Bruggemann, 2016;Stöhr, Boissin, & Hoareau, 2013), both widespread and common species.…”

Section: Discovery Of Numerous Cryptic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity

et al. 2017

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In anticipation of the current biodiversity crisis, it has become critical to rapidly and accurately assess biodiversity. DNA barcoding has proved efficient in facilitating the discovery and description of thousands of species and also provides insight into the dynamics of biodiversity. Here, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from all morphospecies of reef brittle stars collected during a large‐scale biodiversity survey in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO). Three methods of species delineation (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent model, and Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes) showed concordant results and revealed 51 shallow reef species in the region. Mean intraspecific genetic distances (0.005–0.064) and mean interspecific genetic distances within genera (0.056–0.316) were concordant with previous echinoderm studies. This study revealed that brittle‐star biodiversity is underestimated by 20% within SWIO and by >40% when including specimens from the Pacific Ocean. Results are discussed in terms of endemism, diversification processes, and conservation implications for the Indo‐West Pacific marine biodiversity. We emphasize the need to further our knowledge on biodiversity of invertebrate groups in peripheral areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discovery Of Numerous Cryptic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity

et al. 2017

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“…Also for several paedomorphic species, juveniles were available for examination. For comparison with a species with few or no paedomorphic character states, Ophiocoma ( Breviturma ) krohi Stöhr et al, 2013 was chosen, of which all skeletal structures have already been documented [57]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paedomorphosis as an Evolutionary Driving Force: Insights from Deep-Sea Brittle Stars

Stöhr¹,

Martynov²

2016

PLoS ONE

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Heterochronic development has been proposed to have played an important role in the evolution of echinoderms. In the class Ophiuroidea, paedomorphosis (retention of juvenile characters into adulthood) has been documented in the families Ophiuridae and Ophiolepididae but not been investigated on a broader taxonomic scale. Historical errors, confusing juvenile stages with paedomorphic species, show the difficulties in correctly identifying the effects of heterochrony on development and evolution. This study presents a detailed analysis of 40 species with morphologies showing various degrees of juvenile appearance in late ontogeny. They are compared to a range of early ontogenetic stages from paedomorphic and non-paedomorphic species. Both quantitative and qualitative measurements are taken and analysed. The results suggest that strongly paedomorphic species are usually larger than other species at comparable developmental stage. The findings support recent notions of polyphyletic origin of the families Ophiuridae and Ophiolepididae. The importance of paedomorphosis and its correct recognition for the practice of taxonomy and phylogeny are emphasized.

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“…For the scanning electron microscope (SEM), dissected young were cleaned in seawater and the epidermis removed by placing them in diluted household bleach (NaOCl) for a few seconds (Stöhr et al. ). Further SEM preparation was followed as outlined by Byrne (), but after the dehydration series, specimens were treated with a few drops of hexamethyldisilazane (HDMS) instead of using a critical point dryer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

MacKinnon

Landschoff

Griffiths

2017

Invertebrate Biology

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This article describes the reproductive biology and developing young of Amphiura capensis, a small brooding brittle star found in the intertidal zones of Namibia and South Africa. Each month from October 2014 to September 2015, 20 specimens were collected from Mouille Point, Cape Town, South Africa, and dissected for internal examination of brooding characteristics. Disc diameters of 238 analyzed adults ranged 2.5–8.7 mm, with a mean of 6.15 mm (SD = 1.10 mm). Brooding was exhibited in 60.5% of all sampled individuals, of which 30.6% contained young of only one of six subjectively chosen size classes, 31.9% contained two size classes, and the rest (37.5%) contained more than two size classes at the same time. Young within the same bursa were commonly of the same size class, which suggests sequential brooding. However, multiple size classes of young were often present within different bursae of the same parent, which thus exhibited characteristics of both sequential and simultaneous brooding. Of 584 brooded young retrieved from dissections, an average of 2.5 (SD = 3.2) and a maximum of 14 young were recorded within a single parent. As no larval stages were observed, development was assumed to be direct. Three‐dimensional visualizations of μCT scans revealed the positions of the brooded young to be quite different from those in other species, facing with their mouths downwards instead of upwards, and not all pressed against the adult's bursal wall. Brooding occurred throughout the year, but numbers of young peaked in austral winter, coinciding with warmer water temperatures at this site. The duration of brooded development was estimated to be ~6 months, comparable with other species with similar reproductive biology.

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Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Cited by 797 publications

References 14 publications

DNA barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity

DNA barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity

Paedomorphosis as an Evolutionary Driving Force: Insights from Deep-Sea Brittle Stars

Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

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