Taxonomic Study of the Kinorhyncha in Japan. III. Echinoderes sensibilis n. sp. (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Tanabe Bay

Abstract

A new species of echinoderid kinorhynch, Echinoderes sensibilis, is described and illustrated using light and electron microscopy. The specimens were collected from masses of the red algae Corallina pilulifera growing in intertidal pools in Tanabe Bay, Honshu Island, Japan. Diagnostic characters of E. sensibilis include the presence of middorsal spines on segments 6-10; lateral spines/tubules on segments 4, 7-12; remarkable trapezium-like subventral fields of minute cuticular hairs on segments 5-12. The positions of numerous sensory spots, large sieve areas, glandular tubes and the shape of terminal tergal and sternal extensions are also diagnostic. All taxonomic characters used for this description are illustrated by SEM. Echinoderes sensibilis constitutes the fifty-eight valid species of the genus Echinoderes and the fourteenth species described from the Pacific Ocean. This is the third representative of Pacific kinorhynchs found only in the intertidal zone and the first Pacific Echinoderes living on red macroalgae in intertidal pools.

Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae)

“…Eight species were designated as outgroups: the cyclorhagids Echinoderes rex Lundbye et al., and Echinoderes sensibilis Adrianov et al., , as well as all the described Neocentrophyidae: Mixtophyes abyssalis Sánchez et al., 2014, Neocentrophyes intermedius Higgins, , Neocentrophyes satyai Higgins, , Paracentrophyes anurus Sørensen et al., , Paracentrophyes quadridentatus Zelinka, and Paracentrophyes praedictus Higgins, . Morphological data were coded for all of them whereas molecular sequences were only available for E. rex , E. sensibilis , Paracentrophyes anurus and Paracentrophyes quadridentatus .…”

Franciscideresgen. nov. – a new, highly aberrant kinorhynch genus from Brazil, with an analysis of its phylogenetic position

“…Cuspidate spines are found in species of several cyclorhagid genera, including Antygomonas, Condyloderes, Semnoderes, Sphenoderes, Triodontoderes, Wollunquaderes andZelinkaderes (see e.g. Higgins, 1969, 1990;Nebelsick, 1990;BauerNebelsick, 1995BauerNebelsick, , 1996Adrianov et al, 2002;Sørensen, 2007;Sørensen et al, , 2010bSørensen et al, , 2010cSørensen & Thormar, 2010). Of course the position of spines differ between the species of the genera, but in all species, cuspidate spines appear consistently on segment 5, and only Sphenoderes poseidon lacks cuspidate spines on segment 8 (Sørensen et al, 2010b).…”

An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934

“…nov. is by its presence of subdorsal glandular cell outlets type 2 (gco2) on segment 2. The presence of gco2 has not been reported from any of the four species (see Zelinka 1913;Higgins & Rao 1979;Adrianov et al 2002aAdrianov et al , 2002bChang & Song 2002), but since this character has tended to be ignored in older contributions, its absence needs further confirmation. For E. sensibilis, though, it seems fair to rely on information from the description.…”

“…Echinoderes around Korea, and in neighboring Russian and Japanese waters, have first of all been addressed in several studies facilitated by A. V. Adrianov. He has described two species from Korean waters, E. koreanus Adrianov, 1999in Adrianov & Malakhov (1999 and E. ulsanensis Adrianov, 1999in Adrianov & Malakhov (1999, and additional four from nearby Japanese or Russian localities that very well could occur around the Korean Peninsula as well: Echinoderes multisetosus Adrianov, 1989, E. filispinosus Adrianov, 1989, E. aureus Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002a, E. sensibilis Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002b. Besides the contributions of Adrianov and collaborators, other studies have also added to our knowledge about kinorhynch biodiversity in the region.…”