Taxonomic treatment of Connarus (Connaraceae) in the Brazilian Amazon

Toledo, Carolina; Souza, Vinícius Castro; Coelho, Rubens Luiz Gayoso

doi:10.1007/s12228-020-09611-2

Cited by 2 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Connarus blanchetii is shrubby, particularly found in the coastal Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil 2 . We found that this species is not reported in the list of plants contemplated for ethnobotanical use and there is no study to date establishing its chemical composition 14 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Connarus nodosus includes both shrubs and lianas of the Atlantic Forest, occurring from the state of Rio de Janeiro to the southern parts of the state of Bahia 2 . Like CBL, this species has no reports of ethnobotanical use or studies elucidating the chemical composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Connarus regnellii is a tree species from the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil 2 . This species is not reported for its traditional use and has no study of its chemical composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Connarus suberosus is a tree widespread in the Brazilian Cerrado 2 . This species is used in traditional Brazilian medicine 10,40 and has some chemical compounds established, among them neoflavonoid, pterocarpans, benzoquinones, 41 steroids, and terpenes 40 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The family Connaraceae is represented by 12–13 genera and about 200 species, mostly distributed in tropical forests and savannas from South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia 1 . In Brazil, five genera of Connaraceae are found ( Bernardinia , Cnestidium , Connarus , Pseudoconnarus , and Rourea – if the former is considered separate from Rourea ), adding up to 75 species, most of which are restricted to the Brazilian territory 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI‐QTof‐MS/MS–GNPS and a pharmacologic potential

Paim

Santos

Toledo

et al. 2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Species of Connaraceae are globally used in traditional medicines. However, several of these have not been studied regarding their chemical composition, and some are even at risk of extinction without proper studies. Therefore, the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Connarus blanchetii Planch., Connarus nodosus Baker, Connarus regnellii G. Schellenb., and Connarus suberosus Planch., which were previously unknown, were analyzed. Objective This work aims to investigate the pharmacological potential of these four Connarus species. The chemical composition of different extracts was determined by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with subsequent analysis by the GNPS platform and competitive fragmentation modeling (CFM). Materials and methods Leaf extracts (C. blanchetii, C. nodosus, C. regnellii, and C. suberosus) and bark extracts (C. regnellii and C. suberosus) were obtained by decoction, infusion, and maceration. LC/HRMS data were submitted to the GNPS platform and evaluated using CFM in order to confirm the structures. Results The HRMS–GNPS/CFM analysis indicated the presence of 23 compounds that were mainly identified as phenolic derivatives from quercetin and myricetin, of which 21 are unedited in the Connarus genus. Thus, from the analyses performed, we can identify different compounds with pharmacological potential, as well as the most suitable forms of extraction. Conclusion Using HRMS–GNPS/CFM, 21 unpublished compounds were identified in the studied species. Therefore, our combination of data analysis techniques can be used to determine their chemical composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Connarus regnellii is a tree species from the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil 2 . This species is not reported for its traditional use and has no study of its chemical composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI‐QTof‐MS/MS–GNPS and a pharmacologic potential

Paim

Santos

Toledo

et al. 2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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A taxonomic revision of Neotropical Connarus (Connaraceae)

Toledo,

Lucas,

Forero

et al. 2024

TAXON

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The pantropical genus Connarus is the largest within Connaraceae and comprises ca. 80 species, most of which occur in the Neotropics. The genus is potentially economically important as several taxa produce metabolites of medicinal interest. Morphologically, Connarus differs from other members of the family mainly by the punctate perianth, the single carpel and follicular and relatively broader fruits than in the other genera. In the decades after the publication of the Flora Neotropica monograph of Connaraceae, new botanical collections have become available, especially in American herbaria, allowing identification of overlooked characters and, hence, redefinition of species circumscriptions. In addition, a significant number of typifications were outdated and taxonomic novelties have recently been proposed – all elements that justify a revisional work. After intensive examination of herbarium specimens and field expeditions, the present study recognizes 57 species, 2 varieties and 2 subspecies of Connarus in the Neotropics; about 100 specific names were evaluated, 39 of which are here considered heterotypic synonyms, 11 of them are new synonyms. The distribution of Neotropical Connarus ranges from south Mexico to south Brazil and, although most species occur in dense wet forests, especially in the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest, some are dispersed in savannas from Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, in Brazilian coastal vegetations or in montane formations; wide distributions are commonly seen in wet forests from Central America to northern South America, while restricted occurrences or endemism are mainly observed in the Atlantic Forest, Peru and Venezuela. Complete morphological descriptions of the species of Neotropical Connarus are provided here, as well as illustrative images, identification keys, and detailed discussions of their taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution and habitat.

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Taxonomic treatment of Connarus (Connaraceae) in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI‐QTof‐MS/MS–GNPS and a pharmacologic potential

Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI‐QTof‐MS/MS–GNPS and a pharmacologic potential

A taxonomic revision of Neotropical Connarus (Connaraceae)

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