Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of two poorly known ciliate genera, Balantidion and Acropisthium (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea), including a new species of Balantidion

Chi, Yong; Liu, Yujie; Ma, Hongyu; Wang, Ya; Liu, Ran; Al‐Farraj, Saleh A.; Song, Weibo; Bourland, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125906

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consequently, the constraints imposed by limited taxon sampling, coupled with the prevalence of homoplasies and plesiomorphies, in addition to a possible early explosive radiation characterized by incomplete lineage sorting within the spathidiid lineage, continue to impede the establishment of a thoroughly resolved phylogenetic framework for this important group (Rajter & Vďačný, 2016Vďačný et al, 2011Vďačný et al, , 2014. Furthermore, this supports the plausibility of numerous unexplored species within Actinobolina, Papillorhabdos, and their associated lineages, and further accentuates a greater diversity within Spathidiida (Chi, Liu, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Spathidiida include at least 12 families and over 250 species, about half of which still lack modern taxonomic data (Foissner, 2016; Foissner & Xu, 2007; Vďačný et al., 2011). Recent reports indicate a substantial unexplored biodiversity within this group (Barmshuri et al., 2023; Bourland, 2023; Chi, Liu, et al., 2022; Foissner & Berger, 2021; Omar et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022). Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships among spathidiids remain unresolved, primarily due to short internodes and weak statistical support for deeper nodes in 18S rRNA gene trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

Chi,

Tang,

Lei

et al. 2023

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Free‐living litostomatean ciliates, prominent microeukaryote predators commonly encountered in freshwater and marine habitats, play vital roles in maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycles. Nevertheless, understanding their biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships remains challenging due to insufficient morphological information and molecular data. As a new contribution to this group, three haptorian ciliates, including two new species (Actinobolina bivacuolata sp. nov. and Papillorhabdos foissneri sp. nov.) and the insufficiently described type species, Actinobolina radians, were isolated from wetlands around Lake Weishan, China and investigated by a combination of living morphology, stained preparations, and 18S rRNA gene sequence data. An illustrated key of the valid species within the two genera is provided. In addition, we reveal the phylogenetic positions of these two genera for the first time. Although they differ in all key morphologic characters such as general appearance (ellipsoidal with numerous tentacles vs. cylindrical), extrusomes (stored in tentacles vs. anchored to pellicle), circumoral kinety (present vs. absent), composition of somatic kineties (kinetosome clusters vs. monokinetids), and number of dorsal brush rows (1 vs. 4), they both cluster in a fully supported clade in the phylogenetic tree, which indicates that the biodiversity and additional molecular markers of this group need further exploration.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

Chi,

Tang,

Lei

et al. 2023

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…One cell of each population was isolated under a dissecting microscope and washed five times in filtered habitat water to remove potential contaminants. Genomic DNA was extracted from the single cleaned cell using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer's instructions but modified by using 1/4 of the suggested volume for each solution (Chi et al 2022a). SSU rDNA was amplified using Q5 Hot Start high-fidelity DNA polymerase (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA) with the universal eukaryotic primers, 18 s-F (5'-AAC CTG GTT GAT CCT GCC AGT-3') and 18 s-R (5'-TGA TCC TTC TGC AGG TTC ACC TAC -3') (Medlin et al 1988;Ye et al 2021b).…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Gene Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the biogeography, morphology, and phylogeny of the condylostomatid ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with establishment of four new Condylostoma species and a revision including redescriptions of five species found in China

Chi,

Wei,

Tang

et al. 2024

Mar Life Sci Technol

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Species of the ciliate class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859 are a cosmopolitan group of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, many of which have been widely used as models in various fields of research such as regenerative biology, functional ecology, environmental toxicology, and symbiotic behavior. However, species identification in the heterotrich family Condylostomatidae, especially the most species-rich and type genus Condylostoma Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, remains challenging due to incomplete original descriptions, few reliable distinguishing characters, and overlapping features between different species. This study presents an updated revision of Condylostoma and its related genus Condylostomides da Silva Neto, 1994 based on descriptions of five species, including nine populations collected from China, using both morphological and molecular methods. The main findings are as follows: (1) 43 nominal species and about 130 populations are reviewed, resulting in the recognition of 30 valid species of Condylostoma and eight valid species of Condylostomides; (2) keys, synonyms, biogeographic distributions and amended/improved diagnoses of all valid species are provided; (3) based on the available data, four new Condylostoma species (C. marinum sp. nov., C. petzi sp. nov., C. villeneuvei sp. nov., and C. microstomum sp. nov.), one new combination (Condylostomides minimus (Dragesco, 1954) comb. nov. & nom. corr.), and two corrected names (Condylostoma ancestrale Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940 nom. corr. and Condylostomides nigrus (Dragesco, 1960) nom. corr.) are suggested; (4) cryptic species are detected and proposed for the first time to form the Condylostoma curvum species complex; (5) three highly confusing Condylostoma species, C. kris, C. spatiosum, and C. minutum, are redefined for the first time based on modern taxonomic methods; (6) a ‘flagship’ species, Condylostomides coeruleus, is recorded for the first time from the continent of Asia, substantially expanding its biogeography; (7) ciliature adjacent to the distal end of the paroral membrane within the family Condylostomatidae is uniformly defined as frontal membranelles and is classified into three patterns according to the arrangement of kinetosomes, which serve as important key features.

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“…The family Lacrymariidae de Fromentel 1876 includes four genera, namely, Lacrymaria Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, Pelagolacrymaria Foissner, 1999, Phialina Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, and Phialinides Foissner, 1988(Lynn, 2008. In contrast to other wellstudied haptorians, such as pleurostomatids and spathidiids, research on the Lacrymariidae is limited, and its phylogeny remains unresolved (Foissner, 1988;Foissner and Xu, 2007;Rajter et al, 2019;Pan et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021Wu et al, , 2022Chi et al, 2022;Zhang G. et al, 2022a,b,c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new contribution to the raptorial ciliate genus Lacrymaria (Protista: Ciliophora): a brief review and comprehensive descriptions of two new species from Changjiang Estuary

Tang,

Zhang,

Guo

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Ciliates serve as excellent indicators for water quality monitoring. However, their utilization is hindered by various taxonomic confusions. The ciliate genus Lacrymaria Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824 is commonly found in different aquatic habitats, but its taxonomy has been sparsely investigated using state-of-the-art methods. This study investigated two new Lacrymaria species from Nanhui Wetland, Shanghai, China, using living observation, protargol staining, and molecular phylogeny methods. Lacrymaria songi sp. nov. is 180–340 × 20–25 μm in size and possesses 12–16 somatic kineties, 1 terminal contractile vacuole, 2 macronuclear nodules, and 2 types of rod-shaped extrusomes. Lacrymaria dragescoi sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by its cell size of 210–400 × 25–35 μm, 14–17 somatic kineties, 1 terminal contractile vacuole, 1 macronucleus, and 2 types of rod-shaped extrusomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences indicate that Lacrymariidae is monophyletic but Lacrymaria is not. Additionally, a brief review of the genus Lacrymaria is provided in this study. We suggest that L. bulbosa Alekperov, 1984, L. lanceolata Kahl, 1930, and L. ovata Burkovsky, 1970 be removed from the genus and propose Phialina lanceolata nov. comb. and Phialina ovata nov. comb. for the latter two.ZooBank registration: Present work: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CDFB1EBD-80BD-4533-B391-CEE89F62EDC4 Lacrymaria songi sp. nov.: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:417E7C2D-DAEC-4711-90BB-64AB3CD2F7D5 Lacrymaria dragescoi sp. nov.: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8778D6B0-1F2E-473C-BE19-3F685391A40D.

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Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of two poorly known ciliate genera, Balantidion and Acropisthium (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea), including a new species of Balantidion

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

Exploring the biogeography, morphology, and phylogeny of the condylostomatid ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with establishment of four new Condylostoma species and a revision including redescriptions of five species found in China

A new contribution to the raptorial ciliate genus Lacrymaria (Protista: Ciliophora): a brief review and comprehensive descriptions of two new species from Changjiang Estuary

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