Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Unicellular Eukaryotes

Boudouresque, Charles–François

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9118-2_7

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…They can hardly be blamed, as climate change obviously constitutes a major threat to species diversity, ecosystem diversity, ecosystem functioning, and to human lifestyles. However, the 'species richness lobby' and focusing on climate warming can mask other stressors that, today, and perhaps for decades to come, may have more impact on ecosystems than global warming [185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195] (see e.g. [185]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Biodiversity - Warming vs. Biological Invasions and overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea: Take care, ‘One Train can hide another’

Boudouresque¹

2017

MOJES

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Biodiversity means the variety of life, encompassing levels of complexity from within species to across ecosystems. Biodiversity therefore includes several dimensions: evolutionary scale (genetic, species, higher taxonomic levels and phylogenetic diversity), functional scale, organizational scale (patch, ecosystem, landscape/seascape diversity), spatial scale (from sample to local, regional and global richness) and heterogeneity diversity. Biodiversity can therefore be measured in different and complementary ways, thus involving the use of at least 200 different metrics, which can suggest different and contrasting conclusions. It is worth emphasizing that species richness may be the least appropriate metric, despite its popular acceptance. There is a growing tendency for stakeholders, managers, government officials, environmentalists, scientists, politicians and the media to focus, as concerns threats to biodiversity, on species richness and climate change. However, focusing on climate warming can mask other stressors that, today, and perhaps for decades to come, may have more impact on ecosystems than global warming. In the Mediterranean Sea, the overall impact of Non-Indigenous Species (NISs) and overfishing on species diversity, ecosystem diversity and ecosystem functioning exceeds to a greater or lesser degree the direct impact of warming. Drastically altered functioning patterns, and even new ecosystems are spreading throughout the Mediterranean Sea. This trend is likely to become more pronounced over the next decades. Ecosystem goods and services are also being profoundly altered, generally towards a decline, as illustrated by the overgrazed barren grounds of the eastern basin, which no longer support fisheries, by the impact of the Caulerpa meadows on the scuba diving business and the economic value of the fisheries of the western basin, by the brackish lagoon ecosystems and by the blooms of the introduced comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea, before the arrival of its predator Beroe ovata. Here, we draw attention to the fact that, at this moment and probably also in the future, the huge flow of NISs and overfishing constitute worrying issues, although largely ignored by stakeholders and political authorities. Take care: Un train peut en cacher un autre (one train can hide another; i.e. one danger may hide other unsuspected dangers), that is to say the impact of warming may contribute to hiding other effects, of at least equal gravity, such as biological invasions and overfishing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiversity means the variety of life, encompassing levels of complexity from within species to across ecosystems. For taxonomy concepts, see Boudouresque (2015) [193] and Boudouresque et al (2015) [7]. Biodiversity therefore includes several dimensions [5] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Biodiversity - Warming vs. Biological Invasions and overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea: Take care, ‘One Train can hide another’

Boudouresque¹

2017

MOJES

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“…The microbial community was analysed using 454 pyrosequencing of the16S rRNA gene, a conserved taxonomic marker for bacterial and archaeal community analyses from environmental DNA (i.e. metagenetics; Creer et al, 2010, Boudouresque, 2011, Esposito and Kirschberg, 2014. At LC, sponge samples (n = 3 each depth) were collected from 10, 18, 30, 46, 60 and 91 m, and at LSI sponge samples (n = 3 each depth) were collected from 10, 15, 23, 30, 46 and 60 m. For the analyses described below depths were binned into groups as follows: Shallow (= 10 m), Medium (15-23 m), Deep (30-46 m) and Very Deep (60-91 m).…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental drivers of microbial community shifts in the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, over a shallow to mesophotic depth gradient

Morrow

Fiore

Lesser

2016

Environmental Microbiology

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The giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a high microbial abundance sponge found on Caribbean coral reefs along shallow to mesophotic depth gradients where multiple abiotic factors change with depth. Sponges were collected along a depth gradient at Little Cayman (LC) and Lee Stocking Island (LSI), and the microbiome of these samples was analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Statistically significant shifts in community structure and dissimilarity (∼ 40%) were detected from 10 to 90 m in LC sponges, but a similar shift was not identified in sponges from 10 to 60 m at LSI (only 17% dissimilar). Additionally, inorganic nutrient levels steadily increased with depth at LSI but not at LC. Based on bulk stable isotopic variability, sponges collected from LC were generally more enriched in (15) N and less enriched in (13) C as depth increased, suggesting a transition from dependency on photoautotrophy to heterotrophy as depth increased. Patterns of stable isotopic enrichment were largely invariant at LSI, which is also reflected in the more stable microbial community along the depth gradient. It appears that environmental factors that change with depth may contribute to differences in X. muta microbial assemblages, demonstrating the importance of contemporaneous environmental sampling in studies of the microbiome of sponges.

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“…The genus Sargassum C. Agardh is one of the most species-rich genera among the Fucales (Phaeophyceae, kingdom Stramenopiles; for taxonomic treatment see references in Boudouresque, 2015), with 354 taxa (species and infraspecific taxa) currently accepted (Guiry & Guiry, 2017). Most Sargassum taxa are tropical and subtropical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the species diversity of the genus Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a focus on a pre-viously unnoticed taxon from Algeria

Aouissi¹,

Sellam²,

Boudouresque³

et al. 2018

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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Nine currently accepted species of the genus Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) have been recorded from the Mediterranean Sea: S. acinarium, S. desfontainesii, S. flavifolium, S. furcatum, S. hornschuchii, S. muticum, S. ramentaceum, S. trichocarpum and S. vulgare. Two of them, S. desfontainesii and S. furcatum, are Atlantic species, the Mediterranean range of which is restricted to the Alboran Sea, close to the Strait of Gibraltar. Three species, S. hornschuchii, S. ramentaceum and S. trichocarpum are endemic to the Mediterranean. The presence of S. flavifolium in the Mediterranean, a north-eastern Atlantic species, is at least in part based upon a misidentification and therefore requires confirmation. A taxon collected near Algiers and Annaba (Algeria), here referred to as ‘Sargassum sp. from Algeria’, although sharing most characters with S. flavifolium, also presents some distinctive characters. In the absence of genetic data, confirming or not its taxonomic value, and in the lack of studies on the herbaria containing the types of many species currently considered as synonyms of S. flavifolium, but which are possible candidates for accommodating the Algerian specimens, the authors prefer a conservative approach. They do not describe a new species, which would be premature, but draw attention to a taxon which may be more widely distributed in the Mediterranean rather than solely along the Algerian coasts.

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Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Unicellular Eukaryotes

Cited by 16 publications

References 164 publications

Marine Biodiversity - Warming vs. Biological Invasions and overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea: Take care, ‘One Train can hide another’

Marine Biodiversity - Warming vs. Biological Invasions and overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea: Take care, ‘One Train can hide another’

Environmental drivers of microbial community shifts in the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, over a shallow to mesophotic depth gradient

Insights into the species diversity of the genus Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a focus on a pre-viously unnoticed taxon from Algeria

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