Taxonomy and species diversity of Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from the Indo-Pacific with the description of two new species

Brown Seaweed (Padina australis) Extract can Promote Performance, Innate Immune Responses, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Gene Expression and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…P. australis was collected from the Bushehr coast (Persian Gulf, Bukht Ardashir, Iran) in December 2020. The algae were validated at the University of Khoramshahr herbarium and recognized as P. australis by identifying their morphological traits and examining their form using a light microscope and a field guide [ 16 , 29 ]. Prior to extraction, the samples were completely dried in the dark at ambient temperature (35–40 °C) [ 30 ].…”

Combining morphological and molecular data to identify <i>Padina</i> seaweed samples collected from Hon Thom, Phu Quoc in Vietnam

“…The rbcL gene was able to successfully identify Padina species, through it failed to differentiate between some closely related species like Padina antillarum and P. tetrastromatica, or Padina boergesenii and Padina jonesii (Mohammed et al, 2019). Overall, the rbcL gene shows moderate levels of variation within the Padina genus, with around 1-2% divergence between some closely related species, and less than 1% variation within most Padina species (Win et al, 2021). The rbcL gene, which encodes the large subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme, is a widely used DNA barcode for plant identification and phylogenetic in many studies (Srivastava et al, 2022;Ho et al, 2021;Akash et al, 2018;Mehmet et al, 2022).…”

“…The reproductive sori are arranged in a specific pattern. These morphological characteristics, along with molecular markers, are used to classify and identify Padina species, including P. australis Hauck (Win et al, 2011;Win et al, 2020;Win et al, 2021).…”

“…Similarly, Padina samples from Myanmar and the Philippines were examined to find that the Padina sequences showed low intraspecific variation, ranging from 0 to 0.009% in rbcL and 0 to 0.032% in cox3 (Win et al, 2021). This indicates the genetic distances between conspecific Padina samples are relatively low.…”

“…Additionally, the molecular data has helped to interpret the evolution of morphological features and the biogeography of Padina species. The integration of morphological and molecular approaches has been crucial for improving the taxonomy and classification of the Padina genus, as it has allowed researchers to better understand the relationship between the species' physical characteristics and their underlying genetic diversity (Win et al, 2021). The results indicate that the use of these molecular markers, along with morphological data, has allowed for the identification of several Padina species, as well as the re-evaluation of taxonomically important morphological characters.…”