Taxonomy and Trunk-Ring Architecture of Pleurojulid Millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Pleurojulida) From the Pennsylvanian of Europe and North America

Millipedes from the Grès à Voltzia, Triassic of France, with comments on Mesozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha: Eugnatha)

“…Hannibaliulus wilsonae therefore represents only the fourth or fth de nitively known occurrence of the Class Diplopoda from the entire Mesozoic. Our specimens of H. wilsonae are quite similar in general appearance to members of the extinct order Pleurojulida, described by Wilson & Hannibal (2005). However, we cannot verify that our specimens had separate pleurites and indeed think that was not the case.…”

“…Ho man (1963) interpreted roughly similar Carboniferous specimens of xyloiulids as having been crushed by compression so that the broken-o lower portion of the diplotergite appeared to be a separate sclerite. Kraus (1974), on the other hand, in an interpretation accepted by Wilson and Hannibal (2005), thought them to be separate pleurites. While Kraus (1974) did not argue extensively for his interpretation, Wilson & Hannibal (2005) carried out experiments on extant species with free pleurites which showed that the key points were consistent patterns of separation, occasional overlap of the pleurites and diplotergites, and a lack of continuity between the two of such features as rebordered margins.…”

“…Kraus (1974), on the other hand, in an interpretation accepted by Wilson and Hannibal (2005), thought them to be separate pleurites. While Kraus (1974) did not argue extensively for his interpretation, Wilson & Hannibal (2005) carried out experiments on extant species with free pleurites which showed that the key points were consistent patterns of separation, occasional overlap of the pleurites and diplotergites, and a lack of continuity between the two of such features as rebordered margins. Further, among Wilson and Hannibal's specimens were some with ventral preservation which clearly showed the separate pleurites.…”

Permian millipedes from the Fort Sill fissures of southwestern Oklahoma, with comments on allied taxa and millipedes preserved in karstic environments

“…Remarks.-The general form of the pleurotergites of this genus resembles that of the unornamented pleurojulid Pleurojulus levis Fritsch, 1901 (see Wilson and Hannibal, 2005 Occurrence.-Dolese Quarry, near Richards Spur, Comanche County, southwest Oklahoma, from the Fort Sill fissures, a fissure on the north side of what was a small mountain (now quarried away). Cisuralian Series.…”

A new millipede (Diplopoda, Helminthomorpha) from the Middle Triassic Luoping biota of Yunnan, Southwest China

“…Furthermore, there is no breakage and displacement along the groove that divides the swellings from the pleurotergites in Sinosoma as there is in Pleurojulus, which does have separate pleurites. Such breakage has contributed to a longstanding discussion of the nature of the pleurites of Pleurojulus, although Wilson and Hannibal (2005) have provided detailed evidence for there being separate pleurites in that taxon. To complicate this picture, paranota have also been confused with pleurites, as with the paranota of "Pleurojulus" steuri" Schneider and Werneberg, 1998 described as pleurites (Wilson andHannibal, 2005, p. 1106).…”