Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review

Abstract

The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.

Metagenomic Analyses of the Soybean Root Mycobiome and Microbiome Reveal Signatures of the Healthy and Diseased Plants Affected by Taproot Decline

“…M. maurella belongs to the widespread saprotrophic genus Mycena ; although not expected to be found as a root endophyte, Mycena associates with multiple plant hosts and was suggested to be an opportunistic root pathogen [ 61 ]. Interestingly, Hymenopellis, growing mainly on dead or buried hardwoods, was found to be a rich resource of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activities [ 62 ]. Among the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota), the understudied endophyte Halorosellinia classified in Xylariaceae was second in abundance after Xylaria sp.…”

Macrofungi of Goygol National Park and surrounding areas with special reference to medicinal species

“…Hymenopellis radicata contains musidin and has a strong antiviral and antimicrobial effects [Niego, 2021]. In traditional medicine Laetiporus sulphureus has been used for treatment of coughs, gastric cancer and rheumatism, widely used as an antipyretic.…”

Genomic and Experimental Investigations of Auriscalpium and Strobilurus Fungi Reveal New Insights into Pinecone Decomposition

“…Some studies on antifungal SMs and enzymes produced by fungi with antagonists have been conducted extensively in vitro [ 77 , 78 ]. Through SM clusters analyses, we find that the number of SM clusters of the genus Auriscalpium is fewer than that of Strobilurus ( Table 3 ), while all fungi of Strobilurus contain a fungicidal strobilurin cluster whose derivatives have broad spectrum antifungal activity, and, thus, are widely used as biological fungicide [ 79 ]. In addition, the number of NRPS-like in the genomes of Strobilurus is higher than those in Auriscalpium ( Table 3 ).…”