Taxonomy ofArmillariain the Patagonian forests of Argentina

Abstract

Abstract:The taxonomy of Armillaria in southern South America has received little attention since the work of Singer and others. In this study we examine the morphological traits and cultural features for taxa representing the lineages revealed based on molecular phylogeny, and we link them to previously described taxa based on morphology. Lineages I-IV were identified as Armillaria novae-zelandiae, A. montagnei, A. umbrinobrunnea comb. nov. and A. sparrei respectively. They could be differentiated morphologically based on dimension, features of the epicutis, annulus, stipe, hymenophoral trama and flavor and characteristics in culture. Furthermore there was no evidence of host preference for the species recognized. This is the first study integrating the phylogeny and morphology of Armillaria species from Patagonia, and it provides a foundation for future research on these fungi in South America.

Armillaria aotearoa species nova

“…This confirms earlier work (Coetzee et al 2001;Maphosa et al 2006;Pildain et al 2009Pildain et al , 2010 and is the basis of a test to identify the New Zealand species developed by Dodd et al (2010). Sequencing indicates that A. aotearoa is also distinct from other species of Armillaria found outside New Zealand in both the northern and southern hemispheres, using both the ITS and elongation factor 1-α gene regions (Coetzee et al 2001;Maphosa et al 2006;Pildain et al 2009;Ota et al 2011).…”

“…Nevertheless, the validity of A. sp. nov. has been demonstrated by means of DNA sequencing using the ITS and elongation factor 1-α regions (Coetzee et al 2001;Maphosa et al 2006;Pildain et al 2009Pildain et al , 2010Dodd et al 2010;Fukami et al 2010), supported by cultural interfertility testing (Kile and Watling 1988).…”

“…nov. has remained unnamed for nearly 30 years and as a consequence has been referred to by a growing list of inadequate and sometimes misleading informal designations (Hood 1989(Hood , 1992(Hood , 2012Hood et al 2008;Kile et al 1994;Ridley 1999;McKenzie et al 2000;Coetzee et al 2001;Segedin and Pennycook 2001;Pennycook 2004;Gadgil 2005;Guillaumin and Bérubé 2005;Maphosa et al 2006;Ramsfield et al 2008;Power et al 2008;Pildain et al 2009Pildain et al , 2010Dodd et al 2010;Fukami et al 2010). This paper formally describes and names this species and provides further confirmation of its distinctive authenticity by presenting the results of additional DNA sequence analyses and cultural pairing studies.…”

The phylogenetic position of an Armillaria species from Amami-Oshima, a subtropical island of Japan, based on elongation factor and ITS sequences

“…In addition, Amami-Oshima isolate clade was adjacent to a well-supported sister clade that comprised A. novae-zelandiae from Australia and New Zealand. A. novae-zelandiae was originally described from New Zealand (Stevenson 1964) and occurs in the temperate rainforests of southeastern Australia, New Zealand (Hood et al 1991), and South America (Coetzee et al 2003;Pildain et al 2010). Separation of the clade of Southeast Asia and that of Australia and New Zealand suggests that they could represent discrete taxa.…”

Mushroom flavour

“…The most popular fungal flavour and smell compounds (according to Nyegue et al 2003, andFraatz & C8: in canned oct-1-en-3-ol, octan-1-ol, octan-3-ol, in boiled octan-3-one; in dried oct-1-en-3-one, γ-octalacton, octa-2,4-dien-1-ol, octanal -- Mushrooms and fungi can also emit unpleasant odours (Pildain et al 2010).…”