Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters

Abstract

Based on molecular and morphological data we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of the ectomycorrhizal genus Tricholoma in northern Europe. Our phylogenetic tree confirmed the presence of at least 72 well circumscribed species within the region. Of these, three species, viz. T. boreosulphurescens, T. bryogenum and T. ilkkae are described as new to science, based on morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular data. Several other terminal branches represent putative cryptic taxa nested within classical species or species groups. Molecular type studies and/or designation of sequenced neotypes are needed in these groups, before the taxonomy can be settled. In general our phylogenetic analysis supported previous suprageneric classification systems, but with some substantial changes. Most notably, T. virgatum and allies were found to belong to sect. Tricholoma rather than sect. Atrosquamosa, while T. focale was found to be clearly nested in sect. Genuina rather than in sect. Caligata. In total, ten sections are accepted, with five species remaining unassigned. The combination of morphological and molecular data showed pileus colour, pileipellis structure, presence of clamp connections and spore size to be rather conservative characters within accepted sections, while the presence of a distinct ring, and especially host selection were highly variable within these.

Is the Yellow Knight Mushroom Edible or Not? A Systematic Review and Critical Viewpoints on the Toxicity of Tricholoma equestre

“…It is also likely that a number of varieties and subspecies may occur in various geographical locations. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS patterns indicate that T. equestre represents a species complex which still remains poorly resolved (Heilmann‐Clausen, Christensen, Frøslev, & Kjøller, ). Moreover, the conducted investigations also support the view that what was identified previously as T. equestre var.…”

Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude in the Aegean region of Turkey

“…This species belongs to section Contexticutis. Four members of the section have been reported recently (Heilmann-Clausen et al, 2017) and they are easily distinguished from other Tricholoma species by abundant clamp connections, olive colors, and meaty taste. Although the members of this section are easily identified in the field, more than 10 varieties of T. saponaceum have been described by several researchers because of its variable morphological characters (Riva, 1988;Riva, 2003;Galli, 2005;Kibby, 2012).…”

Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido II

“…Por ese motivo se ha formado una matriz de datos con una secuencia propia de Tricholoma ilkkae y catorce procedentes de Genbank (Benson et al, 2013) con el fin de situarla dentro del árbol de Tricholoma sect. Caligata Bon publicado en el trabajo de Heilmann-Clausen et al (2017). Del mismo modo se ha formado otra matriz conteniendo veinte secuencias de Pholiota squarrosoides (Peck.)…”

“…Tricholoma caligatum tiene las esporas más pequeñas y su distribución parece ser estrictamente mediterránea, mientras que T. ilkkae es de ambientes más fríos. Tricholoma matsutake difiere por presentar colores menos definidos, por sus cuerpos fructíferos más grandes y por tener las esporas también más grandes (Heilmann-Clausen et al, 2017).…”

“…y posiblemente con Picea abies (Heilmann-Clausen et al, 2017), pero todas las recolecciones pirenaicas que conocemos se han dado en bosques dominados por Abies alba, por lo que muy probablemente también establezca micorrizas con este árbol. No conocemos recolectas en España en bosques de Pinus ssp.…”