Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019

Amarasinghe, Gaya K.; Ayllón, Marı́a A.; Bào, Yīmíng; Basler, Christopher F.; Bavari, Sina; Blasdell, Kim R.; Briese, Thomas; Brown, Paul A.; Bukreyev, Alexander; Balkema‐Buschmann, Anne; Buchholz, Ursula J.; Chabi-Jesus, Camila; Chandran, Kartik; Chiapponi, Chiara; Crozier, Ian; Swart, Rik L. de; Dietzgen, Ralf G.; Dolnik, Olga; Drexler, Jan Felix; Dürrwald, Ralf; Dundon, William G.; Duprex, W. Paul; Dye, John M.; Easton, Andrew J.; Fooks, Anthony R.; Formenty, Pierre; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Freitas-Astúa, Juliana; Griffiths, Anthony John; Hewson, Roger; Horie, Masayuki; Hyndman, Timothy H.; Jiāng, Dàohóng; Kitajima, Elliott W.; Kobinger, Gary P.; Kondō, Hideki; Kurath, Gael; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Lamb, Robert A.; Llombart‐Bosch, Antonio; Lee, Benhur; Lelli, Davide; Leroy, Eric M.; Lǐ, Jiànróng; Maes, Piet; Shī, Mǎng; Moreno, Ana; Mühlberger, Elke; Netesov, Sergey V.; Nowotny, Norbert; Nylund, Are; Økland, Arnfinn Lodden; Palacios, Gustavo; Pályi, Bernadett; Pawęska, Janusz T.; Payne, Susan; Prosperi, Alice; Ramos-González, Pedro Luis; Rima, Bertus K.; Rota, Paul A.; Rubbenstroth, Dennis; Simmonds, Peter; Smither, Sophie J.; Sozzi, Enrica; Spann, Kirsten; Stenglein, Mark D.; Stone, David M.; Takada, Ayato; Tesh, Robert B.; Tomonaga, Keizō; Tordo, Noël; Towner, Jonathan S.; Hoogen, Bernadette van den; Vasilakis, Nikos; Wahl‐Jensen, Victoria; Walker, Peter; Wang, Lin‐Fa; Whitfield, Anna E.; Williams, John V.; Zerbini, F. Murilo; Tao, Zhang; Zhāng, Yǒng Zhèn; Kuhn, Jens H.

doi:10.1007/s00705-019-04247-4

Cited by 296 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nipah virus (NiV), a bat borne pathogen, that causes lethal encephalitis in humans has recently been reported from Malaysia, Bangladesh, Singapore and India [1][2][3]. It is one among the emerging deadly zoonotic viruses and is included in the order Mononegavirales among other dreaded viruses such as Hendra, Ebola and Marburg [4]. Pteropus fruit bats are considered the natural reservoirs of the virus [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment

Pillai

Krishna

Veettil

2020

Viruses

137

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Viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. Influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. The twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Nipah virus. Nipah is considered one of the world's deadliest viruses with the heaviest mortality rates in some instances. It is known to cause encephalitis, with cases of acute respiratory distress turning fatal. Various factors contribute to the onset and spread of the virus. All through the infected zone, various strategies to tackle and enhance the surveillance and awareness with greater emphasis on personal hygiene has been formulated. This review discusses the recent outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, the routes of transmission, prevention and control measures employed along with possible reasons behind the outbreaks, and the precautionary measures to be ensured by private-public undertakings to contain and ensure a lower incidence in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment

Pillai

Krishna

Veettil

2020

Viruses

137

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“…Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious notifiable transboundary disease caused by PPR virus (PPRV, species: small ruminant morbillivirus [1]) that mainly affects small ruminants. Since the worldwide eradication of the closely related rinderpest virus (RPV, species: rinderpest morbillivirus) in 2011, PPRV has spread considerably across African and Asian countries, in particular lineage (L)IV of the four known PPRV lineages (LI to IV) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Schulz

Fast

Wernery

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe respiratory disease in small ruminants. The possible impact of different atypical host species in the spread and planed worldwide eradication of PPRV remains to be clarified. Recent transmission trials with the virulent PPRV lineage IV (LIV)-strain Kurdistan/2011 revealed that pigs and wild boar are possible sources of PPRV-infection. We therefore investigated the role of cattle, llamas, alpacas, and dromedary camels in transmission trials using the Kurdistan/2011 strain for intranasal infection and integrated a literature review for a proper evaluation of their host traits and role in PPRV-transmission. Cattle and camelids developed no clinical signs, no viremia, shed no or only low PPRV-RNA loads in swab samples and did not transmit any PPRV to the contact animals. The distribution of PPRV-RNA or antigen in lymphoid organs was similar in cattle and camelids although generally lower compared to suids and small ruminants. In the typical small ruminant hosts, the tissue tropism, pathogenesis and disease expression after PPRV-infection is associated with infection of immune and epithelial cells via SLAM and nectin-4 receptors, respectively. We therefore suggest a different pathogenesis in cattle and camelids and both as dead-end hosts for PPRV.

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“…A more robust interpretation can be made from the phylogenetic position of SsRV that suggests an ancestral role of parasitic flatworms in the evolution of the Lyssavirus . The family Rhabdoviridae includes viruses of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants grouped within 20 genera (44, 45). Well known viruses within this family includes the rabies virus, vesiculoviruses and potato yellow dwarf virus that are of public health, veterinary and agricultural importance (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of vertically and cross-species transmitted viruses in the cestode parasiteSchistocephalus solidus

Hahn¹,

Rosario

Lucas

et al. 2019

Preprint

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13Parasitic flatworms (Neodermata) represent a public health and economic burden due to associated 14 debilitating diseases and limited therapeutic treatments available. Despite their importance, there 15 is scarce information regarding flatworm-associated microbes. We report the discovery of six RNA 16 viruses in the cestode Schistocephalus solidus. None were closely related to classified viruses and 17 they represent new taxa. Mining transcriptomic data revealed the broad distribution of these 18 viruses in Alaskan and European S. solidus populations. We demonstrate through in vitro culture 19 of S. solidus that five of these viruses are vertically transmitted. With experimental infections and 20 field-sampling, we show that one of the viruses is transmitted to parasitized hosts. The impact of 21 these viruses in parasite fitness and pathogenicity, and in host-parasite co-evolutionary dynamics 22 remains to be determined. The detection of six novel viruses in this first characterization of viruses 23 in Neodermatans likely represents a fraction of virus diversity in parasitic flatworms. 24 25 26 29Trematodes, commonly known as flukes, and cestodes, known as tapeworms, are of particular 30 interest because around 25-30% of humans alone are currently infected with at least one of these 31 worm species. Several of the pathologies associated with these parasite infections are considered 32 major neglected diseases as they affect countries in the Americas, Asia, and Africa (1). The most 33 notorious example is Schistosomiasis, caused by diverse species of Schistosomes and considered 34 the second most deadly parasitic disease after malaria (2). The blood fluke Schistosoma 35 haematobium and the liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are recognized 36 as group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (3-5). Fascioliasis, 37 caused by infection with trematodes from the genus Fasciola upon ingestion of contaminated water 38 plants, has detrimental impacts in humans and economically important livestock including pigs, 39 cattle, and sheep (6-8). The most well-known cestodes are Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., and 40 Hymenolepis nana. Infections with cestodes are chronic, can remain asymptomatic for long 41 periods, and symptoms are often misdiagnosed, making these diseases difficult to target and treat. 42 Serious effects of parasite infection include cysticercosis and seizures due to Taenia solium, cysts 43 or tumors that grow in the liver, lungs, and other organs with Echinococcosis infection, and 44 weakness, headaches, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea associated with Hymenolepiasis (9-45 11). Fisheries and, in particular, aquaculture are also largely impacted by parasitic infections due 46 to the high prevalence and densities of worms in fishes that serve as either intermediate or 47 definitive hosts (12). 48 Despite their high prevalence and negative impacts, diseases associated with parasitic flatworm 49 infections are difficult to prevent or treat. The main metho...

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Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019

Cited by 296 publications

References 26 publications

Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment

Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment

Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Characterization of vertically and cross-species transmitted viruses in the cestode parasiteSchistocephalus solidus

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