Taxonomy of xanthomonads from cereals and grasses based on SDS-PAGE of proteins, fatty acid analysis and DNA hybridization

Vauterin, Luc; Yang, Ping; Hoste, Bart; Pot, Bruno; Swings, Jean; Kersters, Karel

doi:10.1099/00221287-138-7-1467

Cited by 79 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…All of the strains used in this study were selected on the basis of the results of a fingerprint analysis of more than 1,000 Xanthomonas strains in which sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of proteins was used and on the basis of the results of a FAME analysis, as described previously (48,49,51,52,60). We verified that these organisms were authentic xanthomonads by determining their Xanthomonas-specific protein patterns and fatty acid contents (48,60).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X axonopodis and X campestris pv. vasculorum type A were highly related to each other and distinct from other xanthomonads associated with members of the Poaceae (51). Both of these taxa were assigned to group 9 on the basis of an overall level of DNA homology of 58% with …”

Section: (6) Lo(-) 14(-) 14(-) 17(-) 14(-) 17(-) 12 (5) 26(-) 11 (-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X. campestris pv. vasculorum has been subdivided previously into two types, types A and B (51). X axonopodis and X campestris pv.…”

Section: (6) Lo(-) 14(-) 14(-) 17(-) 14(-) 17(-) 12 (5) 26(-) 11 (-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies based on electrophoresis of proteins (48), gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) (60), restriction fragment length polymorphisms of genomic DNA (32), restriction patterns of rRNAs (4), and DNA hybridization (28,37,49,50) have shown that a number of more or less well-defined groups exist in X campestris and that a number of pathovars are heterogeneous. Most of the DNA hybridization results that have been published are fragmentary (49,50) or deal with specific groups, such as pathovars isolated from members of the Poaceae (51) or from citrus (52), and are part of a polyphasic study on the taxonomy of the genus Xanthomonas conducted in our laboratory. A global DNA homology matrix for the genus Xanthornonas should serve as a basis for reclassification of the species and pathovars of the genus (39,49).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…translucens strains can be distinguished from other xanthomonads by their SDS-PAGE protein patterns and FAME profiles (51,60) Description of Xanthomonas vasicola sp. nov. Xanthomonas vasicola (vas.i'co.la.…”

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Reclassification of Xanthomonas

Vauterin

Hoste

Kersters

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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869

701

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A comprehensive DNA-DNA hybridization study was performed by using 183 strains of the genus Xanthomonus. This genus was shown to comprise 20 DNA homology groups which are considered genomic species. Four groups corresponded to the previously described species Xanthomonas albilineans, Xanthomonas fiagariae, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Xanthomonas populi. The previously described species Xanthomonas campestris was heterogeneous and was divided into 16 DNA homology groups. One of these groups exhibited a high level of DNA homology with Xanthomonas axonopodis. The 62 pathovars represented in this study were. allocated to appropriate species. Our results, together with previous taxonomic data, supported a comprehensive revision of the classification of the genus Xanthomonas. The species X. albilineans, X. jiagarke, X. oryme, and X. populi are not affected. The type species of the genus,X. campestris (Pammell895) Dowson 1939, is emended to include only the pathovars obtained from crucifers (i.e., X. campestris pv. aberrans, X. campestris pv. armoraciae, X. campestris pv. barbareae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. incanae, and X. campestris pv. raphani). vesicatoria. Differentiating characteristics were determined for the new species on the basis of metabolic activity on a range of carbon substrates by using the Biolog GN microplate system. X. axonopodisIn the past, the taxonomy of bacteria has been dominated by a phenetic approach, and many classification systems have been and still are based on what were thought to be important phenotypic properties. The taxonomy of the genus Xanthomonas has followed this tendency in that a single phenotypic feature, host specificity, has determined the classification of the genus. Since the first report of a xanthomonad (55) until 1974, it was common practice to define a plant-pathogenic xanthomonad isolated from a new host plant as a new Xanthomonas species. The unreasonable number of nomenspecies resulting from this practice was drastically reduced by Dye and Lelliott (19), who justified their reclassification by referring to the impossibility of differentiating nomenspecies by any feature other than host specificity (10,17). Later, names of former nomenspecies were preserved in a special-purpose classification (18) as Xanthomonas campestris pathovar names.The original classification of the genus Xanthomonas, in which all of the phytopathological variants of X campestris were recognized as separate species, was not sound taxonomically. With the exception of the ambiguous feature of host specificity, few biochemical and phenotypic characteristics were used to differentiate the species. In the last few years, * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.workers have provided evidence that the current classification, in whichX. campestris contains more than 140 pathovars, is not a reflection of genomic relationships. The first DNA hybridization experiments performed with Xanthomonas...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (6) Lo(-) 14(-) 14(-) 17(-) 14(-) 17(-) 12 (5) 26(-) 11 (-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X. campestris pv. vasculorum has been subdivided previously into two types, types A and B (51). X axonopodis and X campestris pv.…”

Section: (6) Lo(-) 14(-) 14(-) 17(-) 14(-) 17(-) 12 (5) 26(-) 11 (-mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reclassification of Xanthomonas

Vauterin

Hoste

Kersters

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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869

701

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Xanthomonas

Saddler¹,

Bradbury²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Xan.tho' mo.nas or Xan.tho.mo' nas . * Gr. adj. xanthus yellow; Gr. fem. n. monas unit, monad; M.L. fem. n. Xanthomonas yellow monad. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Xanthomonadales / Xanthomonadaceae / Xanthomonas Straight rods, 0.4–0.6 × 0.8–2.0 μm , mostly single or in pairs, occasionally short chains, filaments rarely seen. Gram negative. Do not produce poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate inclusions, nor have sheaths, prosthecae, or resting stages. Motile by a single polar flagellum. Obligately aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. No denitrification or nitrate reduction occurs. Colonies are usually yellow , smooth and butyrous, mucoid or viscid. The pigments are highly characteristic brominated aryl polyenes or “xanthomonadins”. A characteristic extracellular acidic heteropolysaccharide called xanthan is produced by most strains giving the viscous consistency. Growth is inhibited by 6% NaCl, 30% glucose, 0.01% lead acetate, methyl green, or thionin, and by 0.1% (and usually by 0.02%) triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Catalase positive; oxidase negative or weak ; urease not produced. H 2 S is usually produced, but not indole or acetoin. Acid is not produced in litmus milk or purple milk. Chemoorganotrophic; able to use various carbohydrates and salts of organic acids as sole carbon sources. Small amounts of acid are produced from many carbohydrates, but not from l‐rhamnose, adonitol, sorbose, d‐sorbitol, meso ‐inositol, or meso ‐erythritol. Metabolic activity is shown in Biolog GN microplate tests with d‐fructose, d‐glucose, d‐mannose and methylpyruvate, but not with α‐cyclodextrin, adonitol, D ‐arabitol, meso ‐erythritol, meso ‐inositol, xylitol, D ‐glucosaminate, γ‐hydroxybutyrate, itaconate, sebacate, L ‐ornithine, L ‐pyroglutamate, D ‐serine, D , L ‐carnitine, γ‐aminobutyrate, phenylethylamine, putrescine, 2‐aminoethanol, or 2,3‐butanediol. L ‐asparagine, L ‐glutamine, and glycine cannot be used as sole sources of both carbon and nitrogen. Among the nine fatty acids that predominate in whole cell preparations are 9‐methyl decanoic acid (C 11:0 iso ), 3‐hydroxy‐9‐methyl decanoic acid (C 11:0 iso 3OH ), and 3‐hydroxy‐11‐methyl dodecanoic acid (C 13:0 iso 3OH ), which are highly characteristic of this genus. The ubiquinone that is present has eight isoprene units. Spermidine is the main polyamine; spermine is usually detectable, but not 2‐hydroxyputrescine or 1,3‐diaminopropane. Species so far described are plant pathogens or are plant associated. The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 63.3–69.7 ( T m ). Type species : Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939, 190, emend. Vauterin Hoste, Kersters and Swings 1995, 484 (“ Bacillus campestris ” Pammel 1895, 130.)

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Section 4 update: Fatty acid analysis in the identification, taxonomy and ecology of (plant pathogenic) bacteria

Janse¹

2008

Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual

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Taxonomy of xanthomonads from cereals and grasses based on SDS-PAGE of proteins, fatty acid analysis and DNA hybridization

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Reclassification of Xanthomonas

Reclassification of Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas

Section 4 update: Fatty acid analysis in the identification, taxonomy and ecology of (plant pathogenic) bacteria

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