“…To address this issue, various temporal knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models are proposed to encode entities and relations in a low-dimensional space using translation-based functions [1,2], a deep neural networkbased method [3,4], and a tensor decomposition method [5,6]. As these methodologies have progressed, numerous strategies for TKG completion have been proposed, including geometric methods (ChronoR [7], BoxTE [8], TLT-KGE [9], RotateQVS [10], HTTR [11], PTKE [12]); tensor decomposition methods (QDN [13], TBDRI [14]); deep learning and embedding-based methods (TASTER [15], TeAST [16], RoAN [17], BiQCap [18]); and graph neural network-based reasoning methods (TARGCN [19], T-GAP [20], TAL-TKGC [21]). Interpolation is a statistical method that utilizes the relevant known values to estimate an unknown value or set [19].…”