TCGA-based analysis of oncogenic signaling pathways underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a prevalent malignancy in the oral and maxillofacial area, having a considerable negative impact on both the quality of life and overall survival of affected individuals. Our research endeavors to leverage bioinformatic approaches to elucidate oncogenic signaling pathways, with the ultimate goal of gaining deeper insights into the molecular underpinnings of OSCC pathogenesis, and thus laying the groundwork for the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. Methods Differential expression analysis was performed on mRNA data from tumor and normal tissue groups to identify genes associated with OSCC, using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Predictions of oncogenic signaling pathways linked to differentially expressed mRNAs were made, and these results were presented visually using R software, using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments. Results GO and KEGG analyses of 2938 differentially expressed genes in OSCC highlighted their significant involvement in various biological processes. Notably, these processes were related to the extracellular matrix, structural organization, connective tissue development, and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions The comprehensive exploration of gene expression patterns provides valuable insights into potential oncogenic mechanisms in OSCC.