Tea bioactive components prevent carcinogenesis via anti‐pathogen, anti‐inflammation, and cell survival pathways

Abstract

Cancer seriously impairs human health and survival. Many perturbations, such as increased oxidative stress, pathogen infection, and inflammation, promote the accumulation of DNA mutations, and ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. Tea is one of the most highly consumed beverages worldwide and has been linked to improvements in human health. Tea contains many active components, including tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, L-theanine, tea pigments, and caffeine among other common components. Several studies have identified components in tea that can directly or indirectly reduce carcinogenesis with some being used in a clinical setting. Many previous studies, in vitro and in vivo, have focused on the mechanisms that functional components of tea utilized to protect against cancer. One particular mechanism that has been well described is an improvement in antioxidant capacity seen with tea consumption. However, other mechanisms, including anti-pathogen, antiinflammation and alterations in cell survival pathways, are also involved. The current review focuses on these anti-cancer mechanisms. This will be beneficial for clinical utilization of tea components in preventing and treating cancer in the future. K E Y W O R D S anti-inflammation, anti-pathogen, cancer, cell survival pathways, tea and its components 1 | INTRODUCTION Globally, tea is mainly prepared as green, oolong, yellow, white, dark, and black varieties all produced from Camellia sinenesis. 1 Tea has been implicated in maintaining the health and controlling diseases of humans by regulating many physiological functions. 2-6 Health benefits have been linked to bioactive

Technological Advancements for Processing and Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables

“…Basically, thymoquinone causes resistance in the biofilm formation in bacterial species because biofilm formation is the important activity of microbes in their virulence strategy. Thymoquinone also causes hindrance in the oxidative activity of microbes thus reducing the number of microbes (Harzallah et al, 2011;Forouzanfar et al, 2014;Khan, 2018;Fan et al, 2021).…”

“…Various studies established that tea and its flavonoids might aid cardiovascular health (Adhav and Deore, 2022). Tea consumption has been linked to oxidation, anti-inflammation, cancer prevention , cardiovascular preventative medicine, and other health advantages (Fan et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022b).…”

Protective Effect of l-Theanine on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice

“…l -Theanine, a nonprotein amino acid found in tea plants, accounts for more than half of the total free amino acids in tea − Furthermore, research has revealed that l -theanine not only enhances the taste and quality of green tea, but it also has a broad range of positive benefits across species and disease types, including anticancer, antioxidant, antistresser, hepatoprotective, antiaging, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antianxiety activities . Exposure of human Sertoli cells to l -theanine increased cell proliferation and glucose consumption, leading to a sustained pool of Krebs cycle intermediates …”

Possible Mechanisms of Dark Tea in Cancer Prevention and Management: A Comprehensive Review

“…For example, Fu brick tea has a higher content of catechin and flavonoid glycosides, while Pu’er tea has a higher content of catechin derivatives, flavonoids, and alkaloids [ 7 ]. Studies have confirmed that dark tea has a high potential for anti-cancer activity for human health [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], and it is recommended as a nutritional supplement for the prevention and management of cancer [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, this review summarized the possible anti-cancer mechanisms of dark tea in the past 10 years through articles on the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar.…”