Tea small holders’ perceptions and experience with tea small holdings development societies (TSHDS) in Matara district of Sri Lanka

Bandula, G. G.; Abeywickrama, L. M.; Zoysa, Mangala De

doi:10.4038/tare.v19i2.5347

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, to enhance the status of these societies is prime important, and therefore, it is essential to study the success cases in smallholding sector in elsewhere and explore the possibility to adapt them into local condition. In fact, the study of Bandula et al (2016) found that 75 percent of the members as well as 85 percent of the nonmember in the study sample, were of the opinion that RTS could be transformed as a productive entity which can make an impact on their lives.…”

Section: Present Status Of Tsdsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, their contribution to the national level in terms of the coverage is insignificant. Bandula et al (2016), has done a study to evaluate whether these societies were able to make any quantifiable impact on tea smallholders in Matara district. Their findings revealed that there was no significant improvement in tea smallholding sector in the study area as because of the introduction of TSHDSs.…”

Section: Tea Producers Cooperative and Fos Promoted By Agribusiness Entitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are tea smallholders’ farmer organisations in Sri Lanka focused towards sectoral issues? a review on present status and way forward

Mahindapala

2020

Jnl. Soc. Sci. Hum. Rev

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Smallholders are the key contributors in the Sri Lankan tea industry, which brings much needed foreign income to the county. There has been ambiguity among the stakeholders about the road map to be followed by the tea farmers' organisations in Sri Lanka. This review attempt to discuss the critical issues in tea smallholding sector, the present status of Farmer Organisations (FOs) and their contribution in resolving the issues and to provide some insights on how they can be strengthened. This review is developed through the analysis of available literature and secondary data. The literature shows that FOs, in the world, has gone many miles in the paths of member empowerment, production support, processing, financing, extension service, welfare and marketing. Tea Small Holding Development Societies were formed by the government of Sri Lanka focussing on similar objectives, particularly agriculture development, marketing facilities, welfare activities and providing credits and inputs. Low productivity, low household income, poor adoption of technologies, small land size, senility of tea, poor service receiving from the state agencies, weak infrastructure facilities, labour issues and low prices for green leaf tea are the interconnected critical issues faced by the smallholders at present and which comes under the purview of the above objectives. Evidence, however, shows that tea sector farmers' organisations (Tea Smallholding Development Societies -TSDS) have not been able to achieve their expected gole. Some strategic approaches adopted by Indian Farmer Producer Companies, Japanese Agriculture Cooperatives and Kenyan Tea Development Agency such as shifting into the market orientation, value addition, product diversification, integration of services, collective approaches, strengthening of the federated structure should be considered in developing TSDS. This approach is coherent with social enterprise concepts. Non-profit organisations integrate for-profit activities to strengthen their social mission to meet the current socio-economic challenges. Thus, based on the evidence, the author believe that TSDS should be transformed as social enterprises.

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Section: Present Status Of Tsdsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Tea Producers Cooperative and Fos Promoted By Agribusiness Entitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are tea smallholders’ farmer organisations in Sri Lanka focused towards sectoral issues? a review on present status and way forward

Mahindapala

2020

Jnl. Soc. Sci. Hum. Rev

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“…(P2D2)]. According to the study conducted in Matara district by Bandula et al,(2016) also found that considerable percentage of membership has less interest towards the RTS affairs. Perhaps, the interest of the members fluctuates over the times.…”

Section: Attitudes Of the Membershipmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role and capacity of tea societies in the smallholding sector in Sri Lanka: an assessment based on the perceptions of extension officers

et al. 2020

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Rural Tea Development Societies (RTS) have been established by the Tea Small Holdings Development Authority (TSHDA) to address the critical issues faced by the tea smallholders. This study attempted to assess the present status and the capacity of the RTS and also identify the attributes that affect their capacity. The perception of Tea Inspectors (TIs), the key entities responsible for extension support for the smallholders, were collected from twelve Focus Group Discussions. The opinions of 65 TIs with over five years of work experiences (who interact with about 575 RTS in seven major tea smallholding area) were analysed by qualitatively. Results revealed, that the majority of RTS are not performing well due to internal factors such as poor leadership, lack of enthusiasm of members, lack of trustworthiness, status of the members, attitudes of members and also due to external factors such as ruralurban context, government benefits, the role of the extension agent, changes in the external environment, the effect of other organisation and politics. Contribution of the Main Officers, Management Committee and the membership is greater in RTS that are highly active than that of the poorly active RTS. The self-reliance capacity was low in the majority of the RTS and was highly dependent on TIs and the government's assistance. Inbuilt weaknesses in the organisational culture were identified, mainly with respect to attitudes. The majority of RTSs are not goal-oriented. The majority of RTS are not dynamic in organisational performances. Finally, their key extension agents feel that critical intervention is required to overcome the above weaknesses.

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“…The technology utilization level and execution of development activities were found to be not at a satisfactory level (Mahindapala et al 2019a;Mahindapala et al, Mahindapala et al 2019b;Mahindapala et al 2019c;Mahindapala et al 2020a;TSHDA, 2010TSHDA, -2018. Further, a study done in the Matara district, revealed that the majority of TSDS members were of the opinion that no significant improvement in their living standards due to the introduction of the TSDSs (Bandula et al (2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Collective Action on the Efficacy of Tea Smallholding Development Societies in Sri Lanka

Mahindapala,

Jayatilaka,

Jayawardana

et al. 2023

Trop. Agric. Res.

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Farmers Organizations (FO) have evolved to address the major constraints faced by smallholder farmers. They need to address the diverse concerns of members. Tea Smallholding Development Societies (TSDS) were established through a legislative act and are expected to serve tea smallholders on resource and market-related issues. However, currently, the tea smallholding sub-sector seems stagnant as indicated by some of the key indicators that question the interventions made by TSDS to uplift the lives of tea growers. This study sought to explore the efficacy of TSDS and investigate its relationship with CA status. Data were collected from 120 TSDSs in major tea-growing areas using structured questionnaires. Results revealed that only 25% of TSDS offer multipurpose services at varying rates. The majority of TSDS acts only as an intermediary agency linking tea smallholders with government agencies for various forms of assistance. Market-oriented activities were minimal. Policy dialogue was found to be often lacking within organizations, which can block opportunities to develop a collective consciousness among the membership. Overall observations can be classified into four clusters based on the level of multitasking service provision. A significant correlation was e revealed between the efficacy of TSDSs and the status of collective action. The above correlation was stronger when collective action took place voluntarily than when a third party intervened, raising the question of dependency. The results, supported by the literature, revealed that collective action and efficacy function as interdependent variables. Thus, these two factors have the potential to behave in a vicious circle.

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Tea small holders’ perceptions and experience with tea small holdings development societies (TSHDS) in Matara district of Sri Lanka

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Are tea smallholders’ farmer organisations in Sri Lanka focused towards sectoral issues? a review on present status and way forward

Are tea smallholders’ farmer organisations in Sri Lanka focused towards sectoral issues? a review on present status and way forward

Role and capacity of tea societies in the smallholding sector in Sri Lanka: an assessment based on the perceptions of extension officers

Influence of Collective Action on the Efficacy of Tea Smallholding Development Societies in Sri Lanka

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