“…The purpose of explicit instruction for ELLs is to provide the learner with a ''pictorial'' way of understanding information and to decompose a task into a series of successful routines (Mercer, Jordan, & Miller, 1996). This approach places an emphasis on systematic teacher-led presentations that provide students with structured techniques for acquiring information and structuring complex thoughts (Rosenshine, 1986;Simmons, Fuchs, Fuchs, Mathes, & Hodge, 1995). The interactional patterns of this approach in language learning have been categorized as the initiation-response-evaluation sequence (Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975).…”