“…Numerous research studies have examined teachers' beliefs in multiple areas, including the nature of subject matter, teaching and student learning, and the influence of beliefs on instructional practices (e.g., Barlow & Reddish, 2006;Cooney, Shealy, &Arvold, 1998;Cross, 2009;Ernest, 1988;Levitt, 2001;Ogan-Bekiroglu&Akkoc, 2009;Pajares, 1992;Stipek, Givvin, Salmon, &MacGyvers, 2001;Thompson, 1992). These studies garnered mixed results regarding changes in teachers' or prospective teachers' beliefs toward teaching and learning various subjects.In Barlow and Reddish's (2006) study, 76 teacher candidates completed a survey that was identical to that which was used in Frank's (1990) study that examined beliefs and myths about mathematics.It concluded that various mathematical myths have remained constant over 15 years despite changing educational standards.One of the main themes identified was that prospective teachers view mathematics as a set of rules, procedures, or facts that must be memorized.…”