“…It is important therefore to note the likelihood of differences in response to reforms by those who have experienced more autonomy in the past and those who enter the profession not knowing any different (Day & Smethem, 2009) -'new kinds of teacher subjects' are produced (Ball, 2003, p. 217). While many studies continuously highlight accountability's negative impact on teachers (see for example, Brady & Wilson, 2021;Gerwitz et al, 2019;Perryman & Calvert, 2020;Skerritt, 2019a;Skinner et al, 2021), there are also now many recent studies in various international settings pointing to how today's teachers can be more enthusiastic about and embracing of accountability regimes (see for example, Frostenson & Englund, 2020;Holloway 2019b;Holloway & Brass, 2018;Perryman et al, 2017;Sullivan et al, 2020;Wilkins, 2011). Over time accountability has been normalised in many countries and this is reflected in the makeup of these systems' teachers.…”