Teaching a new technology, eutectic freeze crystallization, by means of a solved problem

Fernández‐Torres, María J.; Ruiz-Beviá, F.; Rodriguez-Pascual, Marcos; Blottnitz, Harro von

doi:10.1016/j.ece.2012.07.002

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is consistent with the very slow kinetics for calcium phosphate precipitation at low temperatures, as shown in our previous study [10]. Industrial scale EFC processes separate the crystals and supernatant continuously as ice and salt crystals are formed [13,21]. This implies that potentially pure sodium chloride salt and clean water can be simultaneously recovered from salty whey using a eutectic freeze concentration process, leaving a residual effluent that is more concentrated in calcium phosphate.…”

Section: Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In a continuous process, two extra separators are required, one to process the ice slurry and wash the ice with recycled pure water, and another to wash the salt with a saturated solution [11,12]. Figure 1: A typical phase diagram for aqueous salt solutions showing the Eutectic point [13]. (Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eutectic freeze crystallization of saline dairy effluent

2020

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Section: Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eutectic freeze crystallization of saline dairy effluent

2020

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“…In this work, it is assumed that a vacuum is produced by a carbon steel two-stage steam jet ejector because this option was found to have the lowest cost. To determine the cost of the vacuum system, the air leakage rate W in lb/h is estimated by 15) where P is the operating pressure in Torr (1−760) and V vac is the vessel volume in ft 3 . Then the cost of vacuum system (CC vac ) can be calculated by where F wv is the water vapor mass flow rate in lb/h, F is the mass flow rate to the vacuum system, CMF is the cost multiplying factor, which is taken to be 1.8, and F BMv is the bare-module factor for vacuum system, which is taken to be 3.…”

Section: N Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Comparison of Crystallization Technologies for Different Chemical Products

Wang

Ward

2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Crystallization is an ancient unit operation that remains vital for the chemical process industry. Traditional single-effect evaporation consumes a great deal of energy, and various alternatives to this method have been proposed. In this work, the total cost of producing a fixed quantity of different solid chemicals by crystallization from water is determined for several different technologies: evaporative crystallization, membrane distillation with porous hydrophobic membranes, reverse osmosis membrane-assisted crystallization, and eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC). Among the solute properties, the solubility has the greatest effect on the cost of the process since it determines the amount of water that must be removed per unit product produced. If waste heat is available at a unit price lower than that of low-pressure steam produced using coal or natural gas, then the assumed price of waste heat also has a significant effect on the economics. The results indicate that, if feasible, reverse osmosis has the lowest total annual cost. On the other hand, for high osmotic pressure cases, EFC has the lowest cost when cheap heating energy (waste heat) is not available. On the contrary, a conventional single or multiple effect evaporative crystallization has the lowest cost among the remaining options when heating energy is cheap or solubility is high. Moreover, eutectic temperature plays important role when determining the best technology when solubility is between 0.2 and 0.6 kg/kg solution.

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“…The binary phase diagram (Fernández-Torres, Ruiz-Beviá, Rodríguez-Pascual, & Blottnitz, 2012) illustrates the main mechanism of eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC). Since the solute concentration in wastewater is generally low, when temperature drops ice begins to form (Hasan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering sodium erythorbate from wastewater through freeze crystallization technology

Chen

Song

Wang

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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Eutectic freeze crystallization was developed to recover sodium erythorbate (NaE) from wastewater at pHs 4.1, 5.3, and 6.5. Two substances (A and B) were sequentially recovered from the samples. The recovery rate of substance A was 2.06, 1.83, and 3.03 g/L at pHs 4.1, 5.3, and 6.5, respectively; while that of B was 5.51, 3.09, and 3.26 g/L at the corresponding pHs. The analysis results of the two recovered substances indicated that substance A was mostly Na2SO4·10H2O, while substance B was mainly NaE. Salt recovery was most successful at pH 4.1 with the purity of recovered NaE reaching 87.53 wt%. Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand and electric conductivity of the ice were far smaller than the initial wastewater. The concentration effect was minimal due to the formation of Na2SO4·10H2O and NaE crystals. This combined crystallization strategy can potentially become an economic technology to recover NaE from wastewater. Segregation of NaE and Na2SO4·10H2O during the freeze crystallization process. Recovering 5.53 kg NaE with the purity of 87.53 wt% from 1 m3 wastewater. Decreasing chemical oxygen demand and electric conductivity of wastewater through freeze crystallization technology.

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Teaching a new technology, eutectic freeze crystallization, by means of a solved problem

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Eutectic freeze crystallization of saline dairy effluent

Eutectic freeze crystallization of saline dairy effluent

Economic Comparison of Crystallization Technologies for Different Chemical Products

Recovering sodium erythorbate from wastewater through freeze crystallization technology

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