“…These technologies have taken a center stage in every aspect of our society, especially in education, health, the economy, and commerce. The use of mobile devices, such as smartphones, mobile phones, tablets, PDAs, MP3s, and pocket PCs, for computing education is constantly gaining interest among researchers and educators (Hürst et al 2007;Ihantola et al, 2013;Jordine et al, 2015;Mahmoud and Dyer, 2008;Mbogo et al, 2013;Moreira and Ferreira, 2016;Prenner et al, 2014;Oyelere et al, 2016a;Tortorella and Graf, 2017). These interests are boosted because of mobile devices' availability, low cost, technology infrastructure availability, and learners' interests (Oyelere et al, 2016a;Bidin and Ziden, 2013;Oyelere et al, 2016b).…”